О перспективах рециклинга боя кварцевых керамических оболочек литья по выплавляемым моделям

Abstract

The use of quartz for its low-temperature modification creates additional risks in the manufacture of molds in the part of their reduced crack resistance due to polymorphous transformations and in practice it often leads to cracking and even destruction of individual layers of the shell wall or the mold as a whole. Preliminary calcination of the covering material practiced in many foundries can somewhat reduce the negative consequence of dangerous polymorphic transformations of quartz. But at the same time, smooth heating of the molds to reduce the likelihood of their cracking, which is carried out in the support filler, contributes to an increase in duration of the technological process and in additional energy costs. Among the options for reducing the likelihood of cracking and the destruction of RP during their calcination, the most popular is replacement of pulverized quartz sand, as filler, with dispersed quartz sand of a polyfraction composition, disten-sillimanite, pulverized aluminosilicate, spherical corundum or fused quartz. However, all of them are quite expensive and do not meet modern challenges and resource saving requirements in foundry and metallurgical industries. In this connection, attention is drawn to the ceramic shards of shells of steel and aluminum investment casting on silica-based models. At present, the shards of spent ceramic shell molds for investment models is not used for recycling. This material is sent to the dump or used as a supporting filler of the flasks when the shells are formed therein. The conducted component chemical and phase analysis of the material has shown that in shards of ceramic shells formed after knocking out steel and aluminum castings from molds, in addition to quartz in the high-temperature phases of tridymite and cristobalite (base), there are up to 5 - 10 % of iron and iron scale and 3 - 5 % of aluminum and its oxides. The use of ceramic shell shards as a covering material excludes the repeated polymorphic quartz transformations during calcination and pouring of shapes that determine the change in volume, density, and change in types of material crystal lattices, which makes it possible to increase the fracture toughness and strength of the shells and to minimize discard of the resulting castings. Residual iron, aluminum and their oxides contribute to improving the processability of the mold. Experimental testing of the proposed recycling option in the conditions of current production has confirmed its effectiveness.