Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) – A Potential Crop for Food and Nutrition Security in Africa

Pauline W. Ikumi, M. Mburu, D. Njoroge
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

There has been an increasing demand for functional foods with numerous health benefits due to intensified consumer awareness leading to a major shift in the consumption patterns of food. This has largely been attributed to increased lifestyle diseases across different populations. The use of food with nutraceutical and functional properties for management of lifestyle diseases like diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular problems is now gaining momentum among the public. Consequently, the consumption of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) has increased in recent years particularly due to its high content of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber. Chia seeds also contain high quality proteins which offer all the essential amino acids and several vital minerals. In addition, chia seeds are a potential source of antioxidants and polyphenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol with the major phenolic acid being rosmarinic. Owing to the rich nutritional profile, chia seeds provide numerous health benefits such as; cardiac protective and hepatic protective effects, anti-aging and anti-carcinogenic properties. The high amounts of dietary fibers present in the seeds also confer benefits by preserving good glycemic control thus helps in controlling diabetes mellitus. In addition to the numerous health benefits accrued to consumption of chia seeds, they have great potential in application in the food industry for; development of various baked products, production of biodegradable edible films, use as emulsifiers and stabilizers among other uses. This review provides an in-depth insight into the potential of chia crop in promoting nutrition and food security by providing comprehensive information pertaining to; its origin, cultivation and distribution, physical properties, nutritional characteristics, health benefits, functional properties and its potential use in the food industry. It evident that chia seeds contain superior nutritional components as compared to other seeds and also confers many health benefits such as antioxidative, anti-hypertensive and hypoglycemic properties among others. It possesses physical and functional properties that make it an excellent crop for use in food applications for the development of functional foods. Moreover, its application not only limited to food but can also be used for feed. Chia therefore demonstrates great potential as a crop that can be utilized for improved food and nutrition security.
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中国(鼠尾草)-非洲粮食和营养安全的潜在作物
由于消费者意识的增强导致食品消费模式的重大转变,对具有许多健康益处的功能性食品的需求不断增加。这在很大程度上归因于不同人群中生活方式疾病的增加。使用具有营养和功能特性的食品来管理生活方式疾病,如糖尿病、肥胖和心血管问题,现在在公众中获得了动力。因此,奇亚籽(鼠尾草)的消费量近年来有所增加,特别是由于其高含量的omega-3脂肪酸和膳食纤维。奇亚籽还含有高质量的蛋白质,提供所有必需的氨基酸和几种重要的矿物质。此外,奇亚籽是抗氧化剂和多酚化合物的潜在来源,如绿原酸、咖啡酸、杨梅素、槲皮素和山奈酚,其中主要的酚酸是迷迭香。由于丰富的营养成分,奇亚籽提供了许多健康益处,例如;保护心脏和肝脏,抗衰老和抗癌作用。种子中所含的大量膳食纤维还具有良好的血糖控制作用,从而有助于控制糖尿病。食用奇亚籽除了对健康有诸多益处外,它们在食品工业中的应用潜力巨大:开发各种烘焙产品,生产可生物降解的食用薄膜,用作乳化剂和稳定剂等用途。本文综述了中国奇亚作物在促进营养和粮食安全方面的潜力,提供了有关的综合信息;它的起源、栽培和分布、物理特性、营养特性、保健益处、功能特性及其在食品工业中的潜在用途。很明显,与其他种子相比,奇亚籽含有优越的营养成分,还具有许多健康益处,如抗氧化、降压和降血糖等特性。它所具有的物理和功能特性使其成为开发功能性食品的优良作物。此外,它的应用不仅限于食品,还可以用于饲料。因此,作为一种可用于改善粮食和营养安全的作物,中国显示出巨大的潜力。
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