Evaluation of parsnip varieties (Pastinaca Sativa l.) on productivity and adaptability in the conditions of the Right bank Forest steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The commodity output of parsnip was formed in the conditions of the Right‑Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine within the limits of the sum of active temperatures 1356‑1495 °С, the amount of precipitation 171‑318 mm and relative humidity 57‑64 %. The crop yield had an invert dependence on the sum of temperature and the direct dependence on the amount of precipitation, relative humidity of air and hydrothermal coefficient. The highest yield in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine provided the Stymul and Pulse varieties with a total yield of 46,2 and 44,8 tons/hectare, and the commodity output of roots of 89 and 88 %, accordingly. It was calculated that the varieties Pulse and Stymul had the highest selective value of the genotype (SCGi = 46,2 and 44,8 accordingly) for yield, high ecological stability (Sgi = 3,43 and 1,96 accordingly) and plasticity (bi = 1,47 and 0,89 % accordingly). The highest indicator of the total adaptive capacity for plant productivity was noted in the Stymul (ZAZ = 3,12) and Pulse (ZAZ = 1,76) varieties. According to the indicator of specific adaptive ability, the Stymul variety (SAZ = 2,52) and Pulse (ZAZ = 0,78) was distinguished. According to the biochemical composition of roots, the investigated varieties did not exceed the control. However, in Boris variety the content of dry matter (25,1 %), dry soluble substance (15,8 %) and sugar (6,4 %) was at the control level. All varieties showed high levels of vitamin C – 8,9‑10,1 mg/100 g. The varieties were not susceptible to accumulation of nitrates and their content varied from 67 to 80 mg/kg and was below the maximum acceptable level (MDR 250 mg/kg). The highest tasting score of 5,6 points got the Pulse. To obtain a consistently high root crop yield at the level 44,8‑46,2 tons/hectare and marketability of roots at the level of 88‑89 % with a high content of major biochemical components in the conditions of the Right‑Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on medium-podzolic, roughly dusty, easy loamy soil with the usage of high-yielding of the varieties parsnips Pulse and Stymul.