The relevance of the study is based on the special value of blue honeysuckle berries, since they contain a significant amount of biologically active substances that are endowed with antioxidant properties, but they have a short period of consumption. To extend it and provide the population with nutritional products, the goal was set to identify varieties whose fruits are the most suitable for processing by drying. Laboratory methods were used for the biochemical study of fruits and statistical methods (using the STATISTICA programme and Anova variance analysis, sensory indicators of the quality and content of phytosubstances, namely: vitamin C, polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and chalcones in fresh and dried fruits of the varieties `Boreal Blizzard`, `Boreal Beauty`, `Boreal Bist` and `Karina` were considered). As a result of the conducted research, varieties were identified that, in the process of heat treatment, preserved sensory and consumer quality indicators as much as possible in relation to the fresh analogue. The range of variation of polyphenolic substances was established, which was within the minimum of 7,370 (`Karina') and the maximum of 7,336 mg/100 g of dry weight (`Boreal Blizzard'), the percentage of their preservation in dried berries was the highest in the variety `Boreal Beauty`. The average content of flavonoids in fresh fruits of the studied varieties was 1,064±240 mg/100 g, anthocyanins – 1,520±289 mg/100 g of dry weight. Drying of berries contributed to an increase in the amount of these substances by 55-110% for flavonoids and by 48% for anthocyanins. It is proved that during the drying process, the fruits of blue honeysuckle lose vitamin C, losses depending on the variety are 65-72%. The findings will be useful in selecting parent forms for creating raw varieties and when choosing a variety for drying and making natural fruit powder concentrates with a high content of biologically active substances
{"title":"Sensory and bioactive quality indicators of fresh and dried blue honeysuckle fruits (Lonícera caeruléa L.)","authors":"Liudmyla Shevchuk, Yu.Yu. Vintskovska, Svitlana Babenko, R.I. Hrynyk, Liudmila Levchuk","doi":"10.31548/plant4.2023.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant4.2023.98","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is based on the special value of blue honeysuckle berries, since they contain a significant amount of biologically active substances that are endowed with antioxidant properties, but they have a short period of consumption. To extend it and provide the population with nutritional products, the goal was set to identify varieties whose fruits are the most suitable for processing by drying. Laboratory methods were used for the biochemical study of fruits and statistical methods (using the STATISTICA programme and Anova variance analysis, sensory indicators of the quality and content of phytosubstances, namely: vitamin C, polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and chalcones in fresh and dried fruits of the varieties `Boreal Blizzard`, `Boreal Beauty`, `Boreal Bist` and `Karina` were considered). As a result of the conducted research, varieties were identified that, in the process of heat treatment, preserved sensory and consumer quality indicators as much as possible in relation to the fresh analogue. The range of variation of polyphenolic substances was established, which was within the minimum of 7,370 (`Karina') and the maximum of 7,336 mg/100 g of dry weight (`Boreal Blizzard'), the percentage of their preservation in dried berries was the highest in the variety `Boreal Beauty`. The average content of flavonoids in fresh fruits of the studied varieties was 1,064±240 mg/100 g, anthocyanins – 1,520±289 mg/100 g of dry weight. Drying of berries contributed to an increase in the amount of these substances by 55-110% for flavonoids and by 48% for anthocyanins. It is proved that during the drying process, the fruits of blue honeysuckle lose vitamin C, losses depending on the variety are 65-72%. The findings will be useful in selecting parent forms for creating raw varieties and when choosing a variety for drying and making natural fruit powder concentrates with a high content of biologically active substances","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139316316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Bondareva, Р. Chumak, Oleksandr Strygun, Tetiana Tymoshchuk, O. Zavadska
The superfamily Eriophyoidea is a large and diverse group of mites that includes a number of species that parasitise plants of economic importance, mainly perennial plants in agriculture and forestry. The purpose of this study is to examine the cornel plants plantations in the botanical gardens of Kyiv and Zhytomyr (Ukraine) for the presence and damage by mites of the superfamily Eriophyoidea. During the study, field and laboratory methods were used in accordance with generally accepted methods in acarology and plant protection. As a result of the study, on Cornus mas L. plants, a four-legged mite Anthocoptes platynotus Nalepa, 1898 was found. This is the farthest northern distribution zone of the species in Ukraine. New data on the harmfulness of this species were received. It was determined that under A. platynotus feeding, there was a slight deformation of the leaf lamina on both sides of the leaf veins, there was no leaf bleaching. The population level of A. platynotus on six varieties of a plant subg. Cornus was determined. It was established that it was different. Phytophage-mite damaged the varieties “Elegantnyi” and “Kubanskyi” the most. The least affected were the varieties “Mosvir-1” and “Novyi”. The varieties “Bylda” and “Svitliachok” had a medium degree of damage. A. platynotus lives on the underside of a leaf and does not form galls or felt. The peak of phytophagous population in the research region occurs at the end of July. It was noted that a low number of A. platynotus does not substantially affect the growth and development of the leaves on the fodder plant. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that the information on A. platynotus presence, abundance, and spread will help in sampling the mites and making future management decisions
螨类超科（Eriophyoidea）是一个庞大而多样化的螨类群，其中包括许多寄生于具有重要经济价值的植物（主要是农业和林业中的多年生植物）的物种。本研究的目的是检查基辅和日托米尔（乌克兰）植物园的山茱萸种植园中是否存在螨类超科植物以及螨类对植物造成的损害。在研究过程中，根据螨虫学和植物保护领域公认的方法，采用了实地和实验室方法。研究结果表明，在山茱萸（Cornus mas L.）植物上发现了四足螨 Anthocoptes platynotus Nalepa, 1898。这是该物种在乌克兰最北的分布区。我们收到了关于该物种危害性的新数据。据测定，在 A. platynotus 的捕食下，叶脉两侧的叶片会有轻微变形，但叶片不会脱色。测定了山茱萸亚属六种植物上板叶蛾的种群数量。结果表明，它们的数量是不同的。噬菌螨对 "Elegantnyi "和 "Kubanskyi "的危害最大。受影响最小的品种是 "Mosvir-1 "和 "Novyi"。Bylda "和 "Svitliachok "的受害程度中等。A. platynotus 生活在叶片背面，不会形成虫瘿或毡。研究地区的植食性种群高峰出现在 7 月底。人们注意到，较低数量的 A. platynotus 不会对饲料植物叶片的生长和发育造成实质性影响。这项研究的实用价值在于，有关板鳃螨的存在、数量和传播的信息将有助于对螨类进行采样，并有助于未来的管理决策。
{"title":"New record of Anthocoptes platynotus Nalepa (Acari: Eriophyoidea) and its abundance on Cornus mas L. in the northern part of a Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine","authors":"L. Bondareva, Р. Chumak, Oleksandr Strygun, Tetiana Tymoshchuk, O. Zavadska","doi":"10.31548/plant4.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant4.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"The superfamily Eriophyoidea is a large and diverse group of mites that includes a number of species that parasitise plants of economic importance, mainly perennial plants in agriculture and forestry. The purpose of this study is to examine the cornel plants plantations in the botanical gardens of Kyiv and Zhytomyr (Ukraine) for the presence and damage by mites of the superfamily Eriophyoidea. During the study, field and laboratory methods were used in accordance with generally accepted methods in acarology and plant protection. As a result of the study, on Cornus mas L. plants, a four-legged mite Anthocoptes platynotus Nalepa, 1898 was found. This is the farthest northern distribution zone of the species in Ukraine. New data on the harmfulness of this species were received. It was determined that under A. platynotus feeding, there was a slight deformation of the leaf lamina on both sides of the leaf veins, there was no leaf bleaching. The population level of A. platynotus on six varieties of a plant subg. Cornus was determined. It was established that it was different. Phytophage-mite damaged the varieties “Elegantnyi” and “Kubanskyi” the most. The least affected were the varieties “Mosvir-1” and “Novyi”. The varieties “Bylda” and “Svitliachok” had a medium degree of damage. A. platynotus lives on the underside of a leaf and does not form galls or felt. The peak of phytophagous population in the research region occurs at the end of July. It was noted that a low number of A. platynotus does not substantially affect the growth and development of the leaves on the fodder plant. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that the information on A. platynotus presence, abundance, and spread will help in sampling the mites and making future management decisions","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Svitlana Kalenska, Nataliia Novytska, Viktor Kalenskyi, Omar El Farouk Osman, Vadym Melnychenko
In recent years, significant advances in nanotechnology have increased the ability to produce nanoparticles of physiologically important metals on a large scale, which are now used to improve fertilizer formulations to increase uptake by plant cells and minimize nutrient losses. Fertilizers with nanostructure can increase the efficiency of nutrient use through mechanisms such as targeted delivery, slow or controlled release. The aim of the research is to substantiate a compensatory scheme for the use of biodynamic nanofertilizers (nanocomplex micronutrient fertilizers with organic acids) by partially replacing the main macrofertilizers in the spring wheat fertilization system. The research was conducted on the basis of the educational and scientific laboratory Department of Plant Industry of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. In research, there were used the methods of field experiments of A.O. Rozhkov, notching method and scanning method for determination of leaf surface area. The studies showed that it is possible to replace within 30-40% of the recommended amount of mineral fertilizers with biodynamic nanofertilizers in the spring wheat fertilization system. In general, the use of nanofertilizers increased wheat growth and improved yield and yield components. Substitution of mineral fertilizers, Innoparmis Agroscience Biodynamic fertilizers, provides a more favourable 86-88% survival rate of spring wheat plants during the growing season. By replacing 34% of the recommended rate of mineral fertilizers, the content of photosynthetic pigments in wheat leaves increases by 5% and the leaf surface area increases by 7%. The created compensatory schemes for the use of biodynamic nanofertilizers by partial (34% in the wheat fertilization system) replacement of the main macronutrients can increase the yield of spring wheat by 9.9%. The proven possibility of replacing mineral fertilizers with biodynamic nanofertilizers in the fertilization system of agricultural crops will reduce environmental pollution and the economic dependency of using mineral fertilizers against the background of their rapid increase in price in recent years
{"title":"Efficiency of the compensatory scheme of using Organic Acid Nano-Complex microfertilizers in spring wheat cultivation technology","authors":"Svitlana Kalenska, Nataliia Novytska, Viktor Kalenskyi, Omar El Farouk Osman, Vadym Melnychenko","doi":"10.31548/plant4.2023.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant4.2023.61","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, significant advances in nanotechnology have increased the ability to produce nanoparticles of physiologically important metals on a large scale, which are now used to improve fertilizer formulations to increase uptake by plant cells and minimize nutrient losses. Fertilizers with nanostructure can increase the efficiency of nutrient use through mechanisms such as targeted delivery, slow or controlled release. The aim of the research is to substantiate a compensatory scheme for the use of biodynamic nanofertilizers (nanocomplex micronutrient fertilizers with organic acids) by partially replacing the main macrofertilizers in the spring wheat fertilization system. The research was conducted on the basis of the educational and scientific laboratory Department of Plant Industry of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. In research, there were used the methods of field experiments of A.O. Rozhkov, notching method and scanning method for determination of leaf surface area. The studies showed that it is possible to replace within 30-40% of the recommended amount of mineral fertilizers with biodynamic nanofertilizers in the spring wheat fertilization system. In general, the use of nanofertilizers increased wheat growth and improved yield and yield components. Substitution of mineral fertilizers, Innoparmis Agroscience Biodynamic fertilizers, provides a more favourable 86-88% survival rate of spring wheat plants during the growing season. By replacing 34% of the recommended rate of mineral fertilizers, the content of photosynthetic pigments in wheat leaves increases by 5% and the leaf surface area increases by 7%. The created compensatory schemes for the use of biodynamic nanofertilizers by partial (34% in the wheat fertilization system) replacement of the main macronutrients can increase the yield of spring wheat by 9.9%. The proven possibility of replacing mineral fertilizers with biodynamic nanofertilizers in the fertilization system of agricultural crops will reduce environmental pollution and the economic dependency of using mineral fertilizers against the background of their rapid increase in price in recent years","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Halina Lipińska, I. Shuvar, Wojciech Lipiński, H. Korpita, Weronika Korpita
Nitrogen’s role in agriculture lies in its mineral form, impacting plant availability and potential losses, with soil nitrogen content in grassy areas playing a vital role in ecosystem services like regulation and maintenance. The research aimed to evaluate these services using the mineral nitrogen indicator in the 0-30 cm soil layer, and to establish the link between their biophysical and financial values. This was done considering usage type, soil type, and corn as an alternative feed for ruminants. Services were assessed across 1,540 points in permanent green areas (meadows, pastures, alternating), grass cultivation areas (short-term), and corn fields. The study affirmed the significant contribution of grasslands to ecosystem services, evaluated through the “content of Nmin in a 0-30 cm” soil layer, which exhibited variations based on usage, type, and regional distinctions. The highest biophysical and monetary values of ecosystem services were found in grasslands designated for meadow use, while the lowest accumulation of Nmin in the 0-30 cm layer, thus impacting the scope of environmental services was observed in mineral soils subjected to short-term alternating crop cultivation (55.2 kg⸱ha-1) and corn cultivation (70.9 kg⸱ha-1). Across various usage methods and soil types, the region characterized by intensified livestock production, the Podlaskie Province displayed the highest biophysical and monetary values for grassland ecosystem services compared to the other provinces under study. In contrast, the remaining provinces exhibited comparatively lower values in this regard. The provided monetary value, based on current nitrogen fertilizer costs and grassland/corn extent, can universally gauge ecosystem service worth from fodder plants across farms, regions, and nations
{"title":"The content of mineral nitrogen in a 0-30 cm soil layer as an indicator of ecosystem services: А case study of grasslands","authors":"Halina Lipińska, I. Shuvar, Wojciech Lipiński, H. Korpita, Weronika Korpita","doi":"10.31548/plant4.2023.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant4.2023.45","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen’s role in agriculture lies in its mineral form, impacting plant availability and potential losses, with soil nitrogen content in grassy areas playing a vital role in ecosystem services like regulation and maintenance. The research aimed to evaluate these services using the mineral nitrogen indicator in the 0-30 cm soil layer, and to establish the link between their biophysical and financial values. This was done considering usage type, soil type, and corn as an alternative feed for ruminants. Services were assessed across 1,540 points in permanent green areas (meadows, pastures, alternating), grass cultivation areas (short-term), and corn fields. The study affirmed the significant contribution of grasslands to ecosystem services, evaluated through the “content of Nmin in a 0-30 cm” soil layer, which exhibited variations based on usage, type, and regional distinctions. The highest biophysical and monetary values of ecosystem services were found in grasslands designated for meadow use, while the lowest accumulation of Nmin in the 0-30 cm layer, thus impacting the scope of environmental services was observed in mineral soils subjected to short-term alternating crop cultivation (55.2 kg⸱ha-1) and corn cultivation (70.9 kg⸱ha-1). Across various usage methods and soil types, the region characterized by intensified livestock production, the Podlaskie Province displayed the highest biophysical and monetary values for grassland ecosystem services compared to the other provinces under study. In contrast, the remaining provinces exhibited comparatively lower values in this regard. The provided monetary value, based on current nitrogen fertilizer costs and grassland/corn extent, can universally gauge ecosystem service worth from fodder plants across farms, regions, and nations","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rising prices for mineral fertilisers stimulate the search for alternative ways to optimise the existing and develop new technological methods of growing crops, including soybeans. One of these approaches is the intensive use of biological ways to enhance the ability of legumes to symbiosis and natural fixation of biological nitrogen from the soil air, which will help reduce the cost of plant cultivation technology. That is why the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of biological preparations on atmospheric nitrogen fixation by soybean plants using symbiotic nodule bacteria. In these studies, the method of calculation based on active symbiotic potential and symbiotic specific activity was used to determine the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen. The study analysed the effect of some inoculants and biofertilisers intended for foliar application on the development and formation of symbiotic processes in soybean plants, namely, the specific features of the formation of both general and active symbiotic potential in the vegetation stages. The influence of symbiotic productivity on soybean grain yield was also determined. Treatment of seeds with the selected preparations for the entire period of symbiosis duration provided an increase in the total symbiotic potential and active symbiotic potential. It was found that the treatment of seeds with the inoculant Bioinoculant BTU (2 l/ha) before sowing was more productive. Therewith, the maximum soybean grain yield of 3.31 t/ha was recorded in areas where the preparation Bioinoculant BTU (2 l/t) was treated before sowing and two fertilising applications were made in the 3rd ternate leaf stage and in the budding stage with Helprost soybean fertiliser (2.5 l/ha). The findings of this study indicate a substantial impact of symbiotic productivity and its value on soybean grain yield. Correlation and regression analyses showed that the accumulation of biological nitrogen has a considerable impact on grain yield. Thus, the use of biological preparations is an alternative to mineral fertilisers in soybean cultivation technology and they can be implemented in the production conditions of agricultural enterprises
{"title":"Influence of biologisation of the nutrition system on the transformation of biological nitrogen and formation of soybean productivity","authors":"V. Tsyhanskyi, Olena Tsyhanskа, I. Didur","doi":"10.31548/plant4.2023.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant4.2023.86","url":null,"abstract":"Rising prices for mineral fertilisers stimulate the search for alternative ways to optimise the existing and develop new technological methods of growing crops, including soybeans. One of these approaches is the intensive use of biological ways to enhance the ability of legumes to symbiosis and natural fixation of biological nitrogen from the soil air, which will help reduce the cost of plant cultivation technology. That is why the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of biological preparations on atmospheric nitrogen fixation by soybean plants using symbiotic nodule bacteria. In these studies, the method of calculation based on active symbiotic potential and symbiotic specific activity was used to determine the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen. The study analysed the effect of some inoculants and biofertilisers intended for foliar application on the development and formation of symbiotic processes in soybean plants, namely, the specific features of the formation of both general and active symbiotic potential in the vegetation stages. The influence of symbiotic productivity on soybean grain yield was also determined. Treatment of seeds with the selected preparations for the entire period of symbiosis duration provided an increase in the total symbiotic potential and active symbiotic potential. It was found that the treatment of seeds with the inoculant Bioinoculant BTU (2 l/ha) before sowing was more productive. Therewith, the maximum soybean grain yield of 3.31 t/ha was recorded in areas where the preparation Bioinoculant BTU (2 l/t) was treated before sowing and two fertilising applications were made in the 3rd ternate leaf stage and in the budding stage with Helprost soybean fertiliser (2.5 l/ha). The findings of this study indicate a substantial impact of symbiotic productivity and its value on soybean grain yield. Correlation and regression analyses showed that the accumulation of biological nitrogen has a considerable impact on grain yield. Thus, the use of biological preparations is an alternative to mineral fertilisers in soybean cultivation technology and they can be implemented in the production conditions of agricultural enterprises","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mykola Bublyk, Ihor Hrynyk, T. Yehorova, Lyudmila Barabash
The relevance of this study lies in the applied use of general scientific methods of landscape ecology in organic horticulture of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to develop a system of targeted agricultural landscape assessment of the territory to determine the prospects for the development of organic horticulture on the example of the right-bank part of the Western Forest-Steppe. To fulfil this purpose, the methodology of targeted agricultural landscape zoning of agricultural land was used. For this, maps and diagrams of the distribution of the main structural components and factors of the agrosphere, namely, landscapes and morphological structures of the relief, soil and vegetation cover, water chemistry, rocks, functional use of land and traditional areas of agricultural production, were used. The cartographic method and expert assessments of land suitability for organic horticulture were based on the study of 8 natural and anthropogenic factors that form the corresponding taxonomic classification of agricultural landscapes of the Forest-Steppe from 30 taxa. The spatial differentiation of the factors is determined by the relevant quantitative and qualitative parameters of orchard lands. The expert assessment of agricultural landscapes for organic horticulture is based on the percentage level of alteration of the natural structure of the land. A full-scale model of the target map of agricultural landscapes was developed to assess the prospects for the development of organic horticulture on the example of the central part of the Right Bank of the Western Forest-Steppe. The study area of 5,400 square kilometres was located at the intersection of three administrative regions, namely Zhytomyr, Kyiv, and Vinnytsia. The study identified 21 agricultural landscapes, the territories of which are homogeneous in 8 parameters. Their comprehensive regional perspectives for organic horticulture are rated from 11 to 21. It was proposed to define 5 categories of agricultural landscapes according to their suitability for organic horticulture: the highest (21 points), high (19-20 points), medium (17-18 points), low (15-16 points) levels of suitability and unsuitable (11-12 points). Half of the study area is covered by agricultural landscapes of high suitability for organic horticulture, 15% each of medium and unsuitable, and 10% each of high and low suitability. The targeted classification of land for organic horticulture on an agricultural landscape basis is the scientific and methodological basis for the widespread development of a new, environmentally sound type of agricultural activity in Ukraine
{"title":"Agricultural landscape zoning of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine to develop organic gardening","authors":"Mykola Bublyk, Ihor Hrynyk, T. Yehorova, Lyudmila Barabash","doi":"10.31548/plant4.2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant4.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this study lies in the applied use of general scientific methods of landscape ecology in organic horticulture of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to develop a system of targeted agricultural landscape assessment of the territory to determine the prospects for the development of organic horticulture on the example of the right-bank part of the Western Forest-Steppe. To fulfil this purpose, the methodology of targeted agricultural landscape zoning of agricultural land was used. For this, maps and diagrams of the distribution of the main structural components and factors of the agrosphere, namely, landscapes and morphological structures of the relief, soil and vegetation cover, water chemistry, rocks, functional use of land and traditional areas of agricultural production, were used. The cartographic method and expert assessments of land suitability for organic horticulture were based on the study of 8 natural and anthropogenic factors that form the corresponding taxonomic classification of agricultural landscapes of the Forest-Steppe from 30 taxa. The spatial differentiation of the factors is determined by the relevant quantitative and qualitative parameters of orchard lands. The expert assessment of agricultural landscapes for organic horticulture is based on the percentage level of alteration of the natural structure of the land. A full-scale model of the target map of agricultural landscapes was developed to assess the prospects for the development of organic horticulture on the example of the central part of the Right Bank of the Western Forest-Steppe. The study area of 5,400 square kilometres was located at the intersection of three administrative regions, namely Zhytomyr, Kyiv, and Vinnytsia. The study identified 21 agricultural landscapes, the territories of which are homogeneous in 8 parameters. Their comprehensive regional perspectives for organic horticulture are rated from 11 to 21. It was proposed to define 5 categories of agricultural landscapes according to their suitability for organic horticulture: the highest (21 points), high (19-20 points), medium (17-18 points), low (15-16 points) levels of suitability and unsuitable (11-12 points). Half of the study area is covered by agricultural landscapes of high suitability for organic horticulture, 15% each of medium and unsuitable, and 10% each of high and low suitability. The targeted classification of land for organic horticulture on an agricultural landscape basis is the scientific and methodological basis for the widespread development of a new, environmentally sound type of agricultural activity in Ukraine","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Voitovyk, I. Prymak, Viktoriia Melnyk, О. Panchenko, O. Tsyuk
The fertiliser system is the most effective factor in the intensification of crop cultivation technologies. The basis for scientifically sound fertiliser application systems, along with obtaining the planned level of yield of the appropriate quality, is the study of the organic matter content and soil nutrient regime during crop rotation. The purpose of this study was to determine the mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and humus content in typical chernozem under different fertilisation systems in short-term crop rotations. To solve the problem of soil fertility, an important approach is to conduct field and laboratory research to determine changes in the humus state according to Tyurin, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium regimes of the soil according to Machigin, and dispersion methods to determine the reliability of experimental data. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest humus content in the soil was recorded under the organic-mineral fertilisation system at the end of the second rotation in the grain crop rotation by 0.13% compared to the fruit crop rotation. The use of a mineral fertiliser system in a row crop rotation reduced the humus content by 0.12%. An increase in the humus content of typical chernozem was recorded under fruit crop rotation and grain-row crop rotation. The organic-mineral fertilisation system tended to increase the mineral nitrogen content of the soil compared to the other systems. The mineral nitrogen content of the mineral fertilisation system decreased by 5.5 mg/kg of soil compared to the unfertilised variant. Under the organic-mineral and mineral fertilisation system, the content of mobile phosphate increased in all crop rotations. The content of mobile phosphorus in the tilled crop rotation was substantially reduced compared to the fruit crop rotation and grain-row crop rotation. The highest content of exchangeable potassium in the soil was recorded under the mineral fertilisation system. The materials of the publications are of practical importance in the analysis of the main elements of mineral nutrition of typical chernozem in short crop rotations
{"title":"Humus state and nutrient regime of typical chernozem depending on fertilisation in short crop rotations","authors":"M. Voitovyk, I. Prymak, Viktoriia Melnyk, О. Panchenko, O. Tsyuk","doi":"10.31548/plant4.2023.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant4.2023.33","url":null,"abstract":"The fertiliser system is the most effective factor in the intensification of crop cultivation technologies. The basis for scientifically sound fertiliser application systems, along with obtaining the planned level of yield of the appropriate quality, is the study of the organic matter content and soil nutrient regime during crop rotation. The purpose of this study was to determine the mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and humus content in typical chernozem under different fertilisation systems in short-term crop rotations. To solve the problem of soil fertility, an important approach is to conduct field and laboratory research to determine changes in the humus state according to Tyurin, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium regimes of the soil according to Machigin, and dispersion methods to determine the reliability of experimental data. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest humus content in the soil was recorded under the organic-mineral fertilisation system at the end of the second rotation in the grain crop rotation by 0.13% compared to the fruit crop rotation. The use of a mineral fertiliser system in a row crop rotation reduced the humus content by 0.12%. An increase in the humus content of typical chernozem was recorded under fruit crop rotation and grain-row crop rotation. The organic-mineral fertilisation system tended to increase the mineral nitrogen content of the soil compared to the other systems. The mineral nitrogen content of the mineral fertilisation system decreased by 5.5 mg/kg of soil compared to the unfertilised variant. Under the organic-mineral and mineral fertilisation system, the content of mobile phosphate increased in all crop rotations. The content of mobile phosphorus in the tilled crop rotation was substantially reduced compared to the fruit crop rotation and grain-row crop rotation. The highest content of exchangeable potassium in the soil was recorded under the mineral fertilisation system. The materials of the publications are of practical importance in the analysis of the main elements of mineral nutrition of typical chernozem in short crop rotations","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Scab (caused by Venturia inaequalis Cooke (Wint.)) and powdery mildew (Podospaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh. Salmon)) are harmful diseases of the apple tree, the protection against which is based on repeated spraying with chemical fungicides. To reduce the pesticide burden on agrocenoses, the use of biological protection products is relevant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of biological preparations based on fungi and bacteria (mycoparasites and antagonists) against scab and powdery mildew of apple trees. For this, a set of methods was used, including phytopathological diagnostics and disease monitoring, phenological observations, yield recording, and statistical analysis. The biological preparations Ampelomycin BT (6 l/ha) based on the fungus of the genus Ampelomyces Ces ex Shlecht., Gliocladin BT (10 l/ha), which contains mycelium and spores of the fungus of the genus Gliocladium, and Fluorescin BT (8 l/ha), which is based on bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, were investigated. Their use led to a decrease in the spread and development of apple scab, and the technical efficiency of the preparations ranged from 68% to 79%. The biological preparations also reduced the damage to plants by the powdery mildew pathogen with a technical efficiency of 59-76%. Treatment of apple plants with Gliocladin BT, Ampelomycin BT, and Fluorescin BT reduced the number of scab-affected fruits by 22.7-35.6%. The technical effectiveness of the preparations was 62-78%. The use of the biological preparations under study ensured the preservation of the yield within 3.7-4.4 t/ha. The results obtained indicate the prospects of using biological preparations against scab and powdery mildew of apple trees for the ecologisation of plant protection
{"title":"Efficiency of biological preparations against scab and powdery mildew of apple trees","authors":"Myroslav Pikovskyi, S.I. Hradchenko","doi":"10.31548/plant4.2023.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant4.2023.76","url":null,"abstract":". Scab (caused by Venturia inaequalis Cooke (Wint.)) and powdery mildew (Podospaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh. Salmon)) are harmful diseases of the apple tree, the protection against which is based on repeated spraying with chemical fungicides. To reduce the pesticide burden on agrocenoses, the use of biological protection products is relevant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of biological preparations based on fungi and bacteria (mycoparasites and antagonists) against scab and powdery mildew of apple trees. For this, a set of methods was used, including phytopathological diagnostics and disease monitoring, phenological observations, yield recording, and statistical analysis. The biological preparations Ampelomycin BT (6 l/ha) based on the fungus of the genus Ampelomyces Ces ex Shlecht., Gliocladin BT (10 l/ha), which contains mycelium and spores of the fungus of the genus Gliocladium, and Fluorescin BT (8 l/ha), which is based on bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, were investigated. Their use led to a decrease in the spread and development of apple scab, and the technical efficiency of the preparations ranged from 68% to 79%. The biological preparations also reduced the damage to plants by the powdery mildew pathogen with a technical efficiency of 59-76%. Treatment of apple plants with Gliocladin BT, Ampelomycin BT, and Fluorescin BT reduced the number of scab-affected fruits by 22.7-35.6%. The technical effectiveness of the preparations was 62-78%. The use of the biological preparations under study ensured the preservation of the yield within 3.7-4.4 t/ha. The results obtained indicate the prospects of using biological preparations against scab and powdery mildew of apple trees for the ecologisation of plant protection","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139338805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural producers use large quantities of mineral fertilisers and plant protection products, which leads to soil, seed and environmental pollution and reduces the profitability of production. Modern agriculture starts to shift its focus to biologisation, which includes the development and implementation of environmentally friendly alternative systems, the reduction of chemicals, the introduction of energy and resource-saving technologies, use of biological plant protection products and bio-organic fertilisers. The research aims to investigate the effectiveness of biological technologies for growing maize in an environmentally friendly way using various organic fertilisers. The following methods were used to study the new corn growing technology: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, and generalisation; field and laboratory; calculation – assessment of economic and bioenergy efficiency. To study the effect of organic fertilisers of different biological origins on the assessment of the humus state of typical chernozems, field experiments were conducted to assess the impact on corn grain yield in the Ukrainian Steppe. After the application of organic fertiliser, the limits of organic carbon content in humus were 3.2-3.5%, humic acid 1.9-2.2%, and fulvic acid 0.7-1.0%. In the experimental samples of maize grain, the content of crude protein ranged from 13.5 to 14.0%, crude fat from 2.4 to 2.7%, crude fibre from 2.1 to 2.4%, crude ash from 1.3 to 1.7%, and nitrogen-free extractives from 64.7 to 67.4%, moisture from 12.0 to 14.9%. The grain yield in the control variant was 9.7 t/ha, and in the experimental plots, it was 11.5-13.4 t/ha. The data obtained can help in the development of biologically based maize cultivation technology following the ecological gradient of cultivation and yield with optimisation of the studied agrotechnical methods
{"title":"Development of biologically engineered corn growing technologies","authors":"Anronina Drobitko, Tetiana Kachanova","doi":"10.31548/plant3.2023.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant3.2023.47","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural producers use large quantities of mineral fertilisers and plant protection products, which leads to soil, seed and environmental pollution and reduces the profitability of production. Modern agriculture starts to shift its focus to biologisation, which includes the development and implementation of environmentally friendly alternative systems, the reduction of chemicals, the introduction of energy and resource-saving technologies, use of biological plant protection products and bio-organic fertilisers. The research aims to investigate the effectiveness of biological technologies for growing maize in an environmentally friendly way using various organic fertilisers. The following methods were used to study the new corn growing technology: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, and generalisation; field and laboratory; calculation – assessment of economic and bioenergy efficiency. To study the effect of organic fertilisers of different biological origins on the assessment of the humus state of typical chernozems, field experiments were conducted to assess the impact on corn grain yield in the Ukrainian Steppe. After the application of organic fertiliser, the limits of organic carbon content in humus were 3.2-3.5%, humic acid 1.9-2.2%, and fulvic acid 0.7-1.0%. In the experimental samples of maize grain, the content of crude protein ranged from 13.5 to 14.0%, crude fat from 2.4 to 2.7%, crude fibre from 2.1 to 2.4%, crude ash from 1.3 to 1.7%, and nitrogen-free extractives from 64.7 to 67.4%, moisture from 12.0 to 14.9%. The grain yield in the control variant was 9.7 t/ha, and in the experimental plots, it was 11.5-13.4 t/ha. The data obtained can help in the development of biologically based maize cultivation technology following the ecological gradient of cultivation and yield with optimisation of the studied agrotechnical methods","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern crop production technologies depend on the intensity of soil cultivation. Traditional cultivation methods increase production costs and harm the environment. The research relevance is determined by the need to find effective and environmentally friendly alternative tillage technologies that will reduce the cost of agricultural production and have a positive impact on the environment. The research aims to determine the influence of the soil tillage system on the formation of soybean plant productivity. Research methods: long-term stationary experiment, laboratory determination of soil agrophysical properties, statistical data processing. The field research was carried out at the Agronomic Research Station, a separate subdivision of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, in a stationary experiment of the Department of Agriculture and Herbology. Soybean yields under the No-till system were found to be 22.7% higher than under the conventional system, which in absolute terms was 2.81 t/ha under the No-till system and 2.29 t/ha under the conventional system. No-till provided higher soil moisture content and the share of agronomically valuable aggregates at a higher soil density than the traditional system. In general, the efficiency of moisture use by soybean plants under the shelf tillage system was 16.0% lower compared to the no-till system. The use of the conventional tillage system on average in 2020-2022 led to a decrease in the structural structure of the 0-30 cm soil layer studied by 8-33%. The amount of agronomically valuable aggregates (0.25-10 mm) depended on the tillage system. The No-till system increased the agronomically valuable structure in the 0-10 cm soil layer by 15.5%, the 10-20 cm layer by 10.3% and the 20-30 cm layer by 9.1% compared to the conventional tillage system at the beginning of the growing season and by 4.2%, 7.3% and 4.7%, respectively, at the end of the growing season. The practical significance of the obtained research results is to determine the optimal soil cultivation system for the realisation of the genetic potential of soybean to form its stable productivity
{"title":"Assessment of the tillage impact on soybean productivity","authors":"Dmytro Litvinov, Oleksandr Olefirenko","doi":"10.31548/plant3.2023.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant3.2023.75","url":null,"abstract":"Modern crop production technologies depend on the intensity of soil cultivation. Traditional cultivation methods increase production costs and harm the environment. The research relevance is determined by the need to find effective and environmentally friendly alternative tillage technologies that will reduce the cost of agricultural production and have a positive impact on the environment. The research aims to determine the influence of the soil tillage system on the formation of soybean plant productivity. Research methods: long-term stationary experiment, laboratory determination of soil agrophysical properties, statistical data processing. The field research was carried out at the Agronomic Research Station, a separate subdivision of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, in a stationary experiment of the Department of Agriculture and Herbology. Soybean yields under the No-till system were found to be 22.7% higher than under the conventional system, which in absolute terms was 2.81 t/ha under the No-till system and 2.29 t/ha under the conventional system. No-till provided higher soil moisture content and the share of agronomically valuable aggregates at a higher soil density than the traditional system. In general, the efficiency of moisture use by soybean plants under the shelf tillage system was 16.0% lower compared to the no-till system. The use of the conventional tillage system on average in 2020-2022 led to a decrease in the structural structure of the 0-30 cm soil layer studied by 8-33%. The amount of agronomically valuable aggregates (0.25-10 mm) depended on the tillage system. The No-till system increased the agronomically valuable structure in the 0-10 cm soil layer by 15.5%, the 10-20 cm layer by 10.3% and the 20-30 cm layer by 9.1% compared to the conventional tillage system at the beginning of the growing season and by 4.2%, 7.3% and 4.7%, respectively, at the end of the growing season. The practical significance of the obtained research results is to determine the optimal soil cultivation system for the realisation of the genetic potential of soybean to form its stable productivity","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139361201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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