Esenciales pero vulnerables: trabajadores agrícolas mexicanos ante la pandemia del COVID-19 en Estados Unidos

IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS Pub Date : 2022-02-18 DOI:10.1525/msem.2022.38.1.114
R. Alarcón, Telésforo Ramírez-García
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract:Como consecuencia de la pandemia del COVID-19, los trabajadores agrícolas en Estados Unidos fueron definidos por el Gobierno del expresidente Donald Trump como "trabajadores esenciales" a pesar de que la mitad de ellos son indocumentados. La mayor parte de estos trabajadores nacieron en México, y tanto los inmigrantes que ya residen en ese país como los que ingresan temporalmente con visas H-2A han continuado laborando para producir alimentos para toda la población. Este artículo analiza la participación laboral de estos trabajadores en Estados Unidos durante la pandemia y las condiciones socioeconómicas y laborales que los hacen especialmente vulnerables a ser infectados por el COVID-19. Los principales hallazgos revelan que, en 2020, los inmigrantes mexicanos, en comparación con el total de trabajadores estadounidenses, tuvieron la participación laboral más alta en actividades económicas consideradas como esenciales. A pesar de haber pasado de la invisibilidad a la visibilidad durante la pandemia, muchos trabajadores constituyen una población altamente vulnerable al coronavirus, especialmente los indocumentados que no cuentan con seguro médico. Asimismo, muchos trabajadores agrícolas poseen distintas comorbilidades, como diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y obesidad, que constituyen factores de riesgo para el COVID-19.Abstract:As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, agricultural workers in the United States were defined by the administration of former president Donald Trump as "essential workers," despite the fact that half of them are undocumented. Most of these workers were born in Mexico, and both the immigrants who already reside in that country and those who enter the United States temporarily with H-2A visas have continued to work to produce food for the entire population. This article analyzes the labor participation of Mexican immigrants in agricultural work in the United States during the pandemic and the socio-economic and working conditions that make them especially vulnerable to being infected with COVID-19. The study reveals that, in 2020, Mexican immigrants, in comparison with the total number of US workers, had the highest labor-force participation rate in economic activities considered essential. Despite transitioning from invisibility to visibility during the pandemic, many agricultural workers constitute a population that is highly vulnerable to the coronavirus, especially those who are undocumented and do not have health insurance. Moreover, many workers have different comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and obesity, that constitute risk factors for COVID-19.
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基本但脆弱:面对美国COVID-19大流行的墨西哥农场工人
摘要:由于COVID-19大流行,美国农业工人被前总统唐纳德·特朗普的政府定义为“基本工人”,尽管其中一半是无证工人。这些工人大多出生在墨西哥,已经居住在墨西哥的移民和持有H-2A签证的临时移民都继续工作,为所有人生产粮食。本文分析了大流行期间美国这些工人的劳动参与情况,以及使他们特别容易感染COVID-19的社会经济和劳动条件。主要调查结果显示,与所有美国工人相比,2020年墨西哥移民在被认为是必不可少的经济活动中的劳动参与率最高。尽管在大流行期间,许多工人从隐形变成了可见,但他们是高度易受冠状病毒感染的人群,尤其是没有医疗保险的无证工人。此外,许多农场工人有多种共病,如糖尿病、高血压和肥胖,这些都是COVID-19的危险因素。摘要:由于COVID-19大流行,美国农业工人被前总统唐纳德·特朗普政府定义为“基本工人”,尽管事实上他们中有一半是无证工人。这些工人大部分出生在墨西哥,已经居住在墨西哥的移民和持H-2A签证临时进入美国的移民都继续工作,为全体人口生产粮食。本文分析了大流行期间墨西哥移民在美国从事农业工作的劳动情况,以及使他们特别容易感染COVID-19的社会经济和工作条件。研究表明,到2020年,墨西哥移民与美国工人总数相比,在被认为是必不可少的经济活动中劳动力参与率最高。尽管在大流行期间从隐形过渡到隐形,但许多农业工人构成了高度易受冠状病毒感染的人群,特别是那些没有证件和没有医疗保险的人。此外,许多工人有不同的共病,如糖尿病、高血压和肥胖,这些都是COVID-19的风险因素。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: The rich cultural production and unique peoples of Mexico--coupled with the country"s complex history, political legacy, social character, economy, and scientific development--lay the foundation for the bilingual Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, the only U.S. published academic journal of its kind. Journal articles in both English and Spanish are welcomed from a variety of multidisciplinary perspectives and methodologies, comparative analyses notwithstanding. All content published remains focused on the contributions to and knowledge of Mexican studies as a discipline.
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