A Non-hierarchical Multipath Routing Protocol Using Fuzzy Logic for Optimal Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

—The prospective integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with the Internet of Things (IoT) in pivotal domains underscores the paramount significance of preserving the network lifespan. Notwithstanding, traditional algorithms evince insufficient energy conservation, necessitating an innovative approach to enhance the energy efficiency of WSN. The research presents a novel sink-initiated decentralized routing framework that enhances network lifespan and mitigates energy consumption by utilizing routing-centric parameters and fuzzy logic. The approach is based on an energy-conscious model that selects initiator nodes from 1-hop neighbors for multiple path formation, thereby damping redundancy in the network. To boost the quality-of-service, forward relay node is chosen amalgamating significant parameters including the total residual energy, radio link quality between the consecutive nodes, and distance to the sink. A fuzzy inference mechanism has been devised to discern the preeminent trajectory from a plethora of possible routes. The mechanism employs discerning descriptors such as End to End latency, link caliber, and progressive advancement towards the sink, to ascertain the path most appropriate for the task at hand. The proposed model called Energy Aware Data Centric Query Driven Receiver initiated (EADQR) routing protocol excels over the conventional methods like AOMDV, OLSR, ZRP and EEDR with increased network throughput, substantial energy utilization and improved rate of packet delivery across all iterations. EADQR outperforms OLSR by 94%, AOMDV by 93%, ZRP by 97%, and EEDR by 87% in terms of network lifetime.