Active Volcanoes, Active Imaginations: Fire-Spitting Mountains and Subterraneous Roars in the German Territories in the Summer of 1783

IF 0.3 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Global Environment Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI:10.3197/ge.2022.150302

Katrin Kleemann

引用次数: 1

Abstract

In the summer of 1783, a sulphuric, dry fog that lasted for several weeks covered much of Europe. As a result, the sun, moon and other celestial objects appeared 'blood-red'. Speculation in Europe was rife as to the cause of this unusual weather. In Iceland, the Laki fissure had erupted; from June 1783 to February 1784, it released the greatest volume of lava of any eruption on planet Earth in the last millennium. The ejected gases travelled to Europe and beyond via the jet stream. Unaware of the Icelandic eruption, some contemporaries from the German Territories hypothesised that the dry fog emanated from a local source, namely one or more supposed German volcanoes. This paper traces the reports of these 'eruptions' from the perspective of environmental history and presents translations of pertinent newspaper articles that have, for the most part, remained unstudied, in order to evaluate the possible reasons for the emergence of this idea.

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活火山，活跃的想象力:1783年夏天德国领土上的喷火山脉和地下咆哮

1783年夏天，一场持续数周的含硫干雾笼罩了欧洲大部分地区。结果，太阳、月亮和其他天体呈现出“血红色”。对于这种不寻常天气的成因，欧洲的猜测甚嚣尘上。在冰岛，拉基裂缝爆发了;从1783年6月到1784年2月，它释放的熔岩量是上个千年来地球上最大的一次喷发。喷出的气体通过喷射气流到达欧洲和更远的地方。当时德国领土上的一些人不知道冰岛的火山爆发，他们假设干雾来自当地的一个来源，即一个或多个所谓的德国火山。本文从环境史的角度追溯了这些“爆发”的报道，并提供了相关报纸文章的翻译，这些文章在很大程度上尚未得到研究，以评估这种想法出现的可能原因。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Global Environment ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-

CiteScore

0.50

自引率

25.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The half-yearly journal Global Environment: A Journal of History and Natural and Social Sciences acts as a forum and echo chamber for ongoing studies on the environment and world history, with special focus on modern and contemporary topics. Our intent is to gather and stimulate scholarship that, despite a diversity of approaches and themes, shares an environmental perspective on world history in its various facets, including economic development, social relations, production government, and international relations. One of the journal’s main commitments is to bring together different areas of expertise in both the natural and the social sciences to facilitate a common language and a common perspective in the study of history. This commitment is fulfilled by way of peer-reviewed research articles and also by interviews and other special features. Global Environment strives to transcend the western-centric and ‘developist’ bias that has dominated international environmental historiography so far and to favour the emergence of spatially and culturally diversified points of view. It seeks to replace the notion of ‘hierarchy’ with those of ‘relationship’ and ‘exchange’ – between continents, states, regions, cities, central zones and peripheral areas – in studying the construction or destruction of environments and ecosystems.