Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.3828/whp.ge.63834608440709
Tad Brown
African historiography of tsetse-borne trypanosomiasis has yet to fully embrace the genetic basis of cattle tolerance to the disease due to the literature’s emphasis on human illness and landscape modification. By the early 1980s, empirical research indicated that N’Dama cattle possessed a heritable tolerance to trypanosomiasis that could be strengthened through breeding. The Gambia’s first president, who was a former veterinary surgeon, contributed to the breed’s reappraisal. In exploring this history, I show how an international scientific network positioned The Gambia as a supplier of N’Dama breeding stock for livestock developments in sub-Saharan Africa. My argument is that research on cattle genetics has theoretical consequences for writing about the history of African tsetse ecosystems.
{"title":"Africa and the Cattle Without History","authors":"Tad Brown","doi":"10.3828/whp.ge.63834608440709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.ge.63834608440709","url":null,"abstract":"African historiography of tsetse-borne trypanosomiasis has yet to fully embrace the genetic basis of cattle tolerance to the disease due to the literature’s emphasis on human illness and landscape modification. By the early 1980s, empirical research indicated that N’Dama cattle possessed a heritable tolerance to trypanosomiasis that could be strengthened through breeding. The Gambia’s first president, who was a former veterinary surgeon, contributed to the breed’s reappraisal. In exploring this history, I show how an international scientific network positioned The Gambia as a supplier of N’Dama breeding stock for livestock developments in sub-Saharan Africa. My argument is that research on cattle genetics has theoretical consequences for writing about the history of African tsetse ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"45 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Andreas Malm, <i>How to Blow Up a Pipeline: Learning to Fight in a World on Fire</i>","authors":"Daniele Valisena","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, many scholars agree that changes in water availability triggered by population growth, economic development and climate change impact will increase competition between water users, making conflict more likely, especially in those countries that lack the financial, technical and governance capacities to address water-related challenge and/or in river basin riparian states that share common water resources. As early as 2012, the US Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), analysing the water issue at a regional and global level, concluded that, while water-related state-on-state conflict is unlikely to occur during the next ten years, the problem is projected to get worse in the near future. Starting from the historical reconstruction and the geopolitical repercussions of the water dispute in the Nile River Basin and focusing on the case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), this article aims to analyse the political, socio-economic and environmental changes that are affecting upstream countries and to detect how these new dynamics are challenging both the balance of power and the ongoing cooperation process in the region.
{"title":"Will the Nile River Turn into a Lake? The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance (GERD) Dam Case-Study","authors":"Desirée A.l. Quagliarotti","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160303","url":null,"abstract":"Today, many scholars agree that changes in water availability triggered by population growth, economic development and climate change impact will increase competition between water users, making conflict more likely, especially in those countries that lack the financial, technical and governance capacities to address water-related challenge and/or in river basin riparian states that share common water resources. As early as 2012, the US Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), analysing the water issue at a regional and global level, concluded that, while water-related state-on-state conflict is unlikely to occur during the next ten years, the problem is projected to get worse in the near future. Starting from the historical reconstruction and the geopolitical repercussions of the water dispute in the Nile River Basin and focusing on the case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), this article aims to analyse the political, socio-economic and environmental changes that are affecting upstream countries and to detect how these new dynamics are challenging both the balance of power and the ongoing cooperation process in the region.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through an exploration of events that unfolded from the earliest calls for conservancy of Indian fisheries under the British colonial government in 1867 to the passing of a statutory law in 1897, we argue that colonial law-making was a non-linear and complex evolutionary, rather than transformational process. The basis and blueprint for a statutory law in India can be traced to similar concerns in the over-exploitation of riverine fish in Britain as well as to the implementation of Indian forest laws at about the same time. Moreover, the process had to deal with personalities and their claims for recognition while the colonial government sought legitimacy to exert control over resources by appointing highly competent and commended individuals. Concerns over food security as well as the possibility of resistance of the local population could have impelled the need for caution in implementing statutory laws, which may have ultimately resulted in a delay of three decades before the Indian Fisheries Act was finally passed in 1897.
{"title":"Dammed Waterways and a Colonial Legacy: Statutory Law-Making in the Conservancy of Indian Fisheries, 1867-1897","authors":"Sashi Sivramkrishna, Amalendu Jyotishi","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160305","url":null,"abstract":"Through an exploration of events that unfolded from the earliest calls for conservancy of Indian fisheries under the British colonial government in 1867 to the passing of a statutory law in 1897, we argue that colonial law-making was a non-linear and complex evolutionary, rather than transformational process. The basis and blueprint for a statutory law in India can be traced to similar concerns in the over-exploitation of riverine fish in Britain as well as to the implementation of Indian forest laws at about the same time. Moreover, the process had to deal with personalities and their claims for recognition while the colonial government sought legitimacy to exert control over resources by appointing highly competent and commended individuals. Concerns over food security as well as the possibility of resistance of the local population could have impelled the need for caution in implementing statutory laws, which may have ultimately resulted in a delay of three decades before the Indian Fisheries Act was finally passed in 1897.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflecting on our Anthropocene Days: An interview with John Dargavel","authors":"Jessica Urwin","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cara New Daggett, <i>The Birth of Energy: Fossil Fuels, Thermodynamics, and the Politics of Work</i>","authors":"Gonçalo Vizela De Oliveira","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the birth of the modern world feed market. Between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, increased production of vegetable oils created conditions for the use of seed waste in the manufacture of meal and oilcakes rich in protein and nutrients. For the first time, farmers were able to overcome the ecological limits imposed by traditional animal forages. A symbiotic relationship was created between the seed oil industry and feed manufacturing. As research shows, a very complex cluster was formed worldwide. Some countries specialised in the export of raw materials (seeds) while in Western European countries and in the United States, a dynamic feed sector developed that should be considered as one of the factors contributing to the radical transformation of agriculture in the twentieth century. The study of the market for this type of product is essential in order for us to better understand the opportunities made available to these countries through the development of a production sector specialised in supplying the markets of the industrialised countries.
{"title":"Globalising Livestock Feeding: Oilseeds and Animal Feedstuff (1800-1940)","authors":"Manuel Vaquero Piñeiro","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160304","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the birth of the modern world feed market. Between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, increased production of vegetable oils created conditions for the use of seed waste in the manufacture of meal and oilcakes rich in protein and nutrients. For the first time, farmers were able to overcome the ecological limits imposed by traditional animal forages. A symbiotic relationship was created between the seed oil industry and feed manufacturing. As research shows, a very complex cluster was formed worldwide. Some countries specialised in the export of raw materials (seeds) while in Western European countries and in the United States, a dynamic feed sector developed that should be considered as one of the factors contributing to the radical transformation of agriculture in the twentieth century. The study of the market for this type of product is essential in order for us to better understand the opportunities made available to these countries through the development of a production sector specialised in supplying the markets of the industrialised countries.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tragedies of great earthquake waves in Southeast Asia (Indonesia 2004 and Japan 2011) led to the entry into the common lexicon of a new word - 'tsunami' - which was before then confined within the boundaries of science. The exoticism of the term and the geographical distance of these disasters were both reassuring elements for public opinion in Italy and elsewhere, and several statistical studies show that Italian people have a low level of hazard awareness. Yet many tsunamis have occurred in the Mediterranean Sea, and more specifically along the Italian coast, over the centuries. The aim of this work is therefore to identify the main catastrophic events of the Mare Nostrum and the way these tsunamis were perceived by people at the time.
{"title":"Tsunamis in Italy and the Mediterranean - Between Perception and Historical Reconstruction","authors":"Walter Palmieri","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160302","url":null,"abstract":"The tragedies of great earthquake waves in Southeast Asia (Indonesia 2004 and Japan 2011) led to the entry into the common lexicon of a new word - 'tsunami' - which was before then confined within the boundaries of science. The exoticism of the term and the geographical distance of these disasters were both reassuring elements for public opinion in Italy and elsewhere, and several statistical studies show that Italian people have a low level of hazard awareness. Yet many tsunamis have occurred in the Mediterranean Sea, and more specifically along the Italian coast, over the centuries. The aim of this work is therefore to identify the main catastrophic events of the Mare Nostrum and the way these tsunamis were perceived by people at the time.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Christensen, Daniel Jan Martin, Andrew Bossie, Fiona Valesini
At Western Australia's Swan-Canning Estuary, extensive subfossil shellfish assemblages of Middle Holocene origin were largely destroyed through dredging for cement production in the first half of the twentieth century. This case-study of an extractive industry driving shellfish ecosystem decline builds on existing historical studies of commercial over-harvesting of oysters, and historical and paleo-ecological investigations of sustainable, long-term indigenous oyster harvests, presenting an important new perspective on global shellfish ecosystem decline and the enduring cultural value of shellfish resources by revealing processes of cross-cultural knowledge transfer, unfolding environmental understanding and extensive environmental change across Western Australia's post-European settlement history. We explore these histories in detail for the first time, before considering their relevance to a shellfish ecosystem reconstruction initiative currently underway at this major Australian urban estuary.
{"title":"Middle Holocene Oyster Shells and the Shifting Role of History in Ecological Restoration: How a Dynamic Past Informs Shellfish Ecosystem Reconstruction at an Australian Urban Estuary","authors":"Joseph Christensen, Daniel Jan Martin, Andrew Bossie, Fiona Valesini","doi":"10.3197/ge.2023.160301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2023.160301","url":null,"abstract":"At Western Australia's Swan-Canning Estuary, extensive subfossil shellfish assemblages of Middle Holocene origin were largely destroyed through dredging for cement production in the first half of the twentieth century. This case-study of an extractive industry driving shellfish ecosystem decline builds on existing historical studies of commercial over-harvesting of oysters, and historical and paleo-ecological investigations of sustainable, long-term indigenous oyster harvests, presenting an important new perspective on global shellfish ecosystem decline and the enduring cultural value of shellfish resources by revealing processes of cross-cultural knowledge transfer, unfolding environmental understanding and extensive environmental change across Western Australia's post-European settlement history. We explore these histories in detail for the first time, before considering their relevance to a shellfish ecosystem reconstruction initiative currently underway at this major Australian urban estuary.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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