Epidemic characteristics of imported malaria in Hubei, 2015-2019

Abstract

Objective To understand the malaria epidemic characteristics in Hubei Province from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for adjusting the strategies in the post-elimination stage. Methods The data from the Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed, with the descriptive epidemiological method for the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hubei Province from 2015 to 2019. Results During 2015 to 2019, a total of 645 malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province, all reported cases were imported from overseas, 456 were infected with falciparum malaria (70.7%), 78 with vivax malaria (12.1%), 88 with ovale malaria (13.6%), 20 with quartan malaria (3.1%) and 3 with mixed infection (0.5%). The top 5 cities with highest number of imported malaria cases were Wuhan (222, 34.4%), Yichang (85, 13.2%), Huangshi (60, 9.3%), Huanggang (46, 7.1%), Xiangyang (45, 7.0%). The peak of disease onset mainly occurred in January to February, in July and in November. 84.3% (544/645) of the whole cases were concentrated in 20-<50 age groups. There were 621 male cases and 24 female cases, with a sex ratio of 25.9:1. The patients first selected diagnosis units were mainly concentrated in medical institutions, 452 (70.1%) cases were diagnosed with malaria at initial doctor visited. 43.9% of the cases were diagnosed as malaria within 24 hours after seeing a doctor. The proportion of cases with a time interval of ≥4 d from initial diagnosis to confirmed showed a decreasing trend. Imported malaria cases were mainly confirmed by prefecture-level medical institutions, accounting for 33.6%. During 2015-2019, all imported malaria cases of Hubei province were came from 39 countries distributed Africa, Asia, Oceania and South America. The imported cases came mainly from Congo-Kinshasa (118), Nigeria (73), Angola (53), Ethiopia (48) and Republic of Congo (39). Conclusions During 2015-2019, the imported malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province every year, therefore the surveillance system of malaria must be continue to work for strengthen the achievement of malaria elimination in Hubei Province. 摘要:目的 分析2015—2019年湖北省输人性疟疾流行特征,为湖北省消除疟疾后监测工作提供科学依据。 方法 在传染病报告信息管理系统中收集2015—2019年湖北省网报疟疾病例资料,对2015—2019年湖北省输人性疟 疾疫情的流行病学特征进行分析。 结果 2015—2019年湖北省共报告输人性疟疾病例645例。其中,恶性疟456例 (占70.7%)、间日疟78例（占12.1%)、卵形疟88例（占13.6%)、三日疟20例（占3.1%)和混合感染3例（占0.5%)。输人性 疟疾病例主要分布在武汉(222例,占34.4%)、宜昌（85例,占13.2%)、黄石(60例,占9.3%)、黄冈(46例,占7.1%)和襄阳 (45例,占7.0%)。2015—2019年每月均有输人性疟疾病例报告,其中1—2月、7月和11月为病例报告的3个髙峰期。 发病以20 ~ <50岁组居多,占84.3%(544/645)。男性621例,女性24例,性别比25.9:1。全省输人性疟疾病例初诊单位 主要集中在医疗机构,452例病例初诊被诊断为疟疾,初诊正确率为70.1%。病例就诊后24 h内确诊占43.9%,病例初 诊到确诊时间间隔≥4 d的占比呈现下降趋势。输人性疟疾病例主要由地市级医疗机构确诊,占33.6%。2015—2019 年,湖北省所有疟疾病例从非洲、亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲的39个国家输人。主要从非洲刚果民主共和国（118例）、尼日 利亚(73例）、安哥拉(53例）、埃塞俄比亚(48例）、刚果共和国（39例）等国家输人。 结论 2015—2019年湖北省每年均 有输人性疟疾病例报告,为固巩全省消除疟疾成果,必须持续加强对输人性疟疾疫情的监测工作。