Pilates versus Bruegger’s exercises for forward head posture associated with temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Abstract

The aim of the trial was to determine and compare the effect of Pilates exercises and Bruegger’s exercises in conjunction with low level laser therapy (LLLT) in forward head posture (FHP) associated with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). The study was conducted on 30 participants diagnosed with TMD associated with forward head posture. Through randomisation, participants were divided into Pilates (n=15) and Bruegger’s (n=15) exercise groups. LLLT was a common intervention for both the groups. Intervention was given for 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Outcome measures were pain intensity using visual analogue scale (VAS), craniovertebral angle (CVA) using ‘ON Protractor’ software application, range of motion (ROM) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using ruler and functional impairment using mandibular function impairment questionnaire (MFIQ) assessed at baseline and 3rd-week post-intervention. A statistically significant difference was noted in pain intensity, ROM of TMJ, CVA and functional impairment with pre- and post-intervention comparison (P<0.001). Between-group analysis showed that Pilates group was better than Bruegger’s exercise group in terms of improving CVA (P<0.001), mouth opening (P<0.01) and reducing functional impairment (P<0.01). However, both the groups were equally effective in in reducing pain intensity (P<0.01). Pilates was better compared to Bruegger’s exercises in reducing functional impairment, improved mouth opening and correcting FHP. Further both the groups were equally effective in reducing pain intensity. Clinical trial registry India: CTRI/2021/09/046969