High Performance Building Facade SolutionsPIER Final Project Report

Eleanor S. Lee
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Building facades directly influence heating and cooling loads and indirectly influence lighting loads when daylighting is considered, and are therefore a major determinant of annual energy use and peak electric demand. Facades also significantly influence occupant comfort and satisfaction, making the design optimization challenge more complex than many other building systems. This work focused on addressing significant near-term opportunities to reduce energy use in California commercial building stock by a) targeting voluntary, design-based opportunities derived from the use of better design guidelines and tools, and b) developing and deploying more efficient glazings, shading systems, daylighting systems, facade systems and integrated controls. This two-year project, supported by the California Energy Commission PIER program and the US Department of Energy, initiated a collaborative effort between The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and major stakeholders in the facades industry to develop, evaluate, and accelerate market deployment of emerging, high-performance, integrated facade solutions. The LBNL Windows Testbed Facility acted as the primary catalyst and mediator on both sides of the building industry supply-user business transaction by a) aiding component suppliers to create and optimize cost effective, integrated systems that work, and b) demonstrating and verifying to the owner, designer, and specifier community that these integrated systems reliably deliver required energy performance. An industry consortium was initiated amongst approximately seventy disparate stakeholders, who unlike the HVAC or lighting industry, has no single representative, multi-disciplinary body or organized means of communicating and collaborating. The consortium provided guidance on the project and more importantly, began to mutually work out and agree on the goals, criteria, and pathways needed to attain the ambitious net zero energy goals defined by California and the US. A collaborative test, monitoring, and reporting protocol was also formulated via the Windows Testbed Facility in collaboration with industry partners, transitioning industry to focus on the importance of expecting measured performance to consistently achieve design performance expectations. The facility enables accurate quantification of energy use, peak demand, and occupant comfort impacts of synergistic facade-lighting-HVAC systems on an apples-to-apples comparative basis and its data can be used to verify results from simulations. Emerging interior and exterior shading technologies were investigated as potential near-term, low-cost solutions with potential broad applicability in both new and retrofit construction. Commercially-available and prototype technologies were developed, tested, and evaluated. Full-scale, monitored field tests were conducted over solstice-to-solstice periods to thoroughly evaluate the technologies, uncover potential risks associated with an unknown, and quantify performance benefits. Exterior shading systems were found to yield net zero energy levels of performance in a sunny climate and significant reductions in summer peak demand. Automated interior shading systems were found to yield significant daylighting and comfort-related benefits. In support of an integrated design process, a PC-based commercial fenestration (COMFEN) software package, based on EnergyPlus, was developed that enables architects and engineers to quickly assess and compare the performance of innovative facade technologies in the early sketch or schematic design phase. This tool is publicly available for free and will continue to improve in terms of features and accuracy. Other work was conducted to develop simulation tools to model the performance of any arbitrary complex fenestration system such as common Venetian blinds, fabric roller shades as well as more exotic innovative facade systems such as optical louver systems.
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高性能建筑立面解决方案spier最终项目报告
建筑立面直接影响供暖和制冷负荷,并在考虑采光时间接影响照明负荷,因此是年度能源使用和峰值电力需求的主要决定因素。立面也显著影响居住者的舒适度和满意度,使设计优化挑战比许多其他建筑系统更加复杂。这项工作的重点是解决加州商业建筑存量减少能源使用的重大近期机会:a)通过使用更好的设计指南和工具,以自愿的、基于设计的机会为目标;b)开发和部署更高效的玻璃、遮阳系统、采光系统、立面系统和综合控制。这个为期两年的项目由加州能源委员会PIER项目和美国能源部支持,发起了劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室(LBNL)和立面行业主要利益相关者之间的合作努力,以开发、评估和加速新兴、高性能、集成立面解决方案的市场部署。LBNL Windows测试平台设施在建筑行业供需双方的业务交易中扮演着主要的催化剂和调解人的角色,a)帮助组件供应商创建和优化具有成本效益的集成系统,b)向业主、设计师和指定社区展示和验证这些集成系统可靠地提供所需的能源性能。一个行业联盟由大约70个不同的利益相关者发起,与暖通空调或照明行业不同,他们没有单一的代表,没有多学科的机构或有组织的沟通和合作方式。该联盟为该项目提供了指导,更重要的是,开始就实现加州和美国制定的雄心勃勃的净零能源目标所需的目标、标准和途径相互制定并达成一致。协作测试、监控和报告协议也通过Windows Testbed Facility与行业合作伙伴合作制定,将行业重点转移到期望测量性能的重要性上,以一致地实现设计性能预期。该设施能够在苹果与苹果的比较基础上准确量化能源使用、峰值需求和协同立面照明-暖通空调系统对居住者舒适度的影响,其数据可用于验证模拟结果。新兴的内部和外部遮阳技术作为潜在的短期、低成本的解决方案,在新建和改造建筑中具有广泛的适用性。开发、测试和评估了商业可用和原型技术。在至日至至日期间进行了全面的现场监测测试,以彻底评估技术,发现与未知因素相关的潜在风险,并量化性能效益。发现外部遮阳系统在阳光充足的气候下产生净零能耗水平,并显着减少夏季高峰需求。自动室内遮阳系统被发现产生显著的采光和舒适相关的好处。为了支持集成设计过程,基于EnergyPlus的基于pc的商业开窗(COMFEN)软件包被开发出来,使建筑师和工程师能够在早期草图或方案设计阶段快速评估和比较创新立面技术的性能。该工具是免费公开的,并将继续在功能和准确性方面进行改进。其他工作是开发模拟工具来模拟任何任意复杂的开窗系统的性能,如普通的威尼斯百叶窗、织物卷帘以及更奇特的创新立面系统,如光学百叶系统。
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