Fit-Tested N95 Masks Combined With Portable High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filtration Can Protect Against High Aerosolized Viral Loads Over Prolonged Periods at Close Range

S. Landry, D. Subedi, J. Barr, M. MacDonald, S. Dix, D. Kutey, D. Mansfield, G. Hamilton, B. Edwards, S. Joosten
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk from aerosol transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The aims of this study were to (1) quantify the protection provided by masks (surgical, fit-testFAILED N95, fit-testPASSED N95) and personal protective equipment (PPE), and (2) determine if a portable high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter can enhance the benefit of PPE. Methods Virus aerosol exposure experiments using bacteriophage PhiX174 were performed. An HCW wearing PPE (mask, gloves, gown, face shield) was exposed to nebulized viruses (108 copies/mL) for 40 minutes in a sealed clinical room. Virus exposure was quantified via skin swabs applied to the face, nostrils, forearms, neck, and forehead. Experiments were repeated with a HEPA filter (13.4 volume-filtrations/hour). Results Significant virus counts were detected on the face while the participants were wearing either surgical or N95 masks. Only the fit-testPASSED N95 resulted in lower virus counts compared to control (P = .007). Nasal swabs demonstrated high virus exposure, which was not mitigated by the surgical/fit-testFAILED N95 masks, although there was a trend for the fit-testPASSED N95 mask to reduce virus counts (P = .058). HEPA filtration reduced virus to near-zero levels when combined with fit-testPASSED N95 mask, gloves, gown, and face shield. Conclusions N95 masks that have passed a quantitative fit-test combined with HEPA filtration protects against high virus aerosol loads at close range and for prolonged periods of time.
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经过测试的N95口罩结合便携式高效微粒空气过滤,可以在近距离长时间防止高雾化病毒载量
背景卫生保健工作者(HCWs)面临严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2气溶胶传播的风险。本研究的目的是(1)量化口罩(外科口罩、fit-testFAILED N95口罩、fit-testPASSED N95口罩)和个人防护装备(PPE)提供的防护效果,(2)确定便携式高效微粒空气(HEPA)过滤器是否能增强PPE的防护效果。方法采用噬菌体PhiX174进行病毒气溶胶暴露实验。一名佩戴PPE(口罩、手套、罩衣、面罩)的医护人员在封闭的临床室中暴露于雾化病毒(108拷贝/mL) 40分钟。通过涂抹在面部、鼻孔、前臂、颈部和前额的皮肤拭子来量化病毒暴露。用HEPA过滤器(13.4次/小时)重复实验。结果佩戴外科口罩和N95口罩时,面部均检测到明显的病毒计数。与对照组相比,只有fit-testPASSED N95导致病毒计数较低(P = .007)。鼻拭子显示高病毒暴露,尽管fit-testPASSED的N95口罩有减少病毒计数的趋势(P = 0.058),但外科/fit-testFAILED的N95口罩并没有减轻这种情况。HEPA过滤与经过测试的N95口罩、手套、长袍和面罩相结合,将病毒减少到接近零的水平。结论N95口罩与HEPA过滤结合,在近距离和长时间内对高病毒气溶胶负荷具有一定的防护作用。
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