The Effect of Myricetin Flavonoid on the Expression of Fyn Gene in Melanoma Cells (A375)

Abstract

Background: Malignant melanoma as one of the most common cancers is currently spreading worldwide. Regarding after-effect of advanced treatments, using natural products has attracted much attention. Flavonoids, polyphenol compounds rich in diet, are being considered for their therapeutic preventive features. Fyn gene, a member of the protein tyrosine kinase oncogene family, has become an important target for therapy goals. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess Fyn gene expression after treatment of melanoma cells with myricetin. Methods: In this study, the melanoma cells were treated with different concentrations of myricetin (0 to 100 �M) and their viability was determined by the methylthiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, also the expression of Fyn gene in treated cells with selected concentrations of myricetin (0, 20, 40, 50, and 60 �M) was detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: The current investigation showed that treatment of A375 melanoma cells with the dietary flavonoid myricetin (3, 5, 7- trihydroxy-2-(3, 4, 5,-trihydroxy phenyl)-4- chromenone), resulted in decreased cell viability and increased expression of Fyn gene. The MTT assay analysis of exposed cells with different concentrations of myricetin showed that up to 25 �Mof myricetin had no cytotoxicity effect on A375 cells, also with increasing of myricetin concentration, the repression of cell proliferation developed as well. Conclusions: Real time qPCR analysis of Fyn expression in exposed cells with various concentration of myricetin leads to overexpression of this gene, dose dependently. Through this research, it was determined that myricetin with its anti-proliferative potential could suppress the development of cancer cells. On the other hand, since Fyn kinase could be involved in tumorigenesis of some cancer cells, it could be concluded that myricetin could effect the carcinogenicity of Fyn function in melanoma cells. Keywords: Melanoma, A375, Myricetin, Fyn Gene