High power CW klystrons for fusion experiments

A. Beunas, F. Kazarian
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

On TORE SUPRA (TS) located in Cadarache, the Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) 3.7 GHz system is being upgraded* in the frame of the CIMES project. Since the end of 2001, several technological components have been under manufacturing or have been installed. Particularly, a new high power CW klystron has been successfully developed and tested at Thales Electron Devices (TED) for CEA Cadarache. The main required performances are to deliver at 3.7 GHz, 700kW minimum output power on a matched load with a 44% efficiency, and 620kW minimum output power on a 1.4:1 VSWR all phases with a 38% efficiency, this latter case corresponding to the shot mode on plasma. The klystron has been factory tested up to 700 kW in CW operation on a matched load, without any difficulty. This operating point has been achieved at 73.1 kV and 20.7 A, with an efficiency of 47% and a gain of 52 dB. Power variation is less than 0.15 dB over the specified 5 MHz bandwidth. No instabilities were observed during tests. The power dissipated in the two klystron body cooling circuits is about 16.5 kW. The overall RF losses are estimated at 15 kW, which means that the beam losses are quite low, at 1.5 kW to be compared to the 1500 kW beam power. As a result, the temperatures of the output cavity noses are kept below 110 degC at 700 kW. Ten 1000s 700 kW shots were applied to the klystron with remarkably stable thermal and RF performances. On a mismatched load (1.4:1 VSWR), the tube has delivered 620 kW min, any phase, with an efficiency of 40%. As expected, a slight temperature rise of the output cavity noses (about 20degC) was observed, when compared to operation on a matched load at the same output power. In the diode mode, at full beam power, the measured temperatures of the collector inner wall are lower than 220degC. These results demonstrate that this new 3.7 GHz 700kW CW klystron has been designed with large thermal safely margins, which will ensure high operational reliability on the TORE SUPRA facility, but also good manufacturing yield during the serial production recently started at TED.
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核聚变实验用大功率连续波速调管
在位于Cadarache的TORE SUPRA (TS)上,低混合电流驱动(LHCD) 3.7 GHz系统正在CIMES项目框架内进行升级*。自2001年底以来,一些技术部件已经在制造或已经安装。特别是,泰利斯电子器件公司(TED)为CEA Cadarache成功开发并测试了一种新型高功率连续波速调管。主要要求的性能是在3.7 GHz下,匹配负载上提供700kW的最小输出功率,效率为44%,在1.4:1 VSWR下提供620kW的最小输出功率,所有相位效率为38%,后一种情况对应于等离子体上的射击模式。速调管已经在匹配负载的连续运行中进行了高达700千瓦的工厂测试,没有任何困难。该工作点在73.1 kV和20.7 A下实现,效率为47%,增益为52 dB。在指定的5mhz带宽范围内,功率变化小于0.15 dB。在测试期间未观察到不稳定性。在两个速调管体冷却回路中耗散的功率约为16.5 kW。总体射频损耗估计为15 kW,这意味着波束损耗相当低,与1500 kW波束功率相比,仅为1.5 kW。因此,在700千瓦时,输出腔鼻的温度保持在110摄氏度以下。对速调管进行了10次1000 - 700千瓦的射击,具有非常稳定的热性能和射频性能。在负载不匹配的情况下(1.4:1 VSWR),该管在任何相位都能输出620千瓦,效率为40%。正如预期的那样,与相同输出功率下匹配负载上的操作相比,观察到输出腔鼻的轻微温升(约20℃)。在二极管模式下,在全光束功率下,集电极内壁的测量温度低于220℃。这些结果表明,这种新的3.7 GHz 700kW连续速调管具有很大的热安全裕度,这将确保TORE SUPRA设施的高运行可靠性,而且在TED最近开始的批量生产中也具有良好的制造良率。
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