Pathophysiological Ramifications of Diabetic Condition: A Review

Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic hyperglycaemic disorder. Due to altered metabolism of insulin and related pathways, consistently raised blood glucose levels leads to manifestation of collateral pathophysiologies or complications. Such long term complications include cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Microvascular complications are the major cause of these pathologies. Understanding the etiology of these complications is important to devise effective prevention and treatment strategies. Therefore, the current review was undertaken to enumerate various diabetes related pathologies, the relevant mechanisms, disease progression and available treatment options. The data was collected from major indexing services like-PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and some related journals which fall under the scope of the review paper. The major keywords which were used for the collection of data include diabetes, pathophysiology of diabetes, comorbidities of diabetes, diabetes complications, diabetes management, diagnosis of diabetes, diagnosis of comorbidities of diabetes etc. Most of the articles referred are published in last 8 years. However, some relevant articles are also considered which are published before this time frame.