Vitamin D3 in acute respiratory infections in patients under five years old (Cartagena de Indias, Colombia)

Abstract

Background and Aim. Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 are associated with an increased risk of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) that is among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. We describe the clinical behavior of acute respiratory infections in patients under five years ago in one sanitary institution in Colombia after VD3 supplementation. Material and Methods. A case series was conducted on 38 patients of both genders aged less to 5 years ago was included. Participants were supplied 50,000 units of VD3 orally each month for three months. The number of events, consultations for emergency services, and hospitalization due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) before and after VD3 administration were described. Results. The average age of the participants was 25.81 ± 17.50 months. The average clinical ARIs per month was 4.02 (95% CI 3.64-4.40) before VD3 administration. Fewer episodes at the end of the three cycles was found at 2.23/month (95% CI 1.81-2.65; p=0.0230). The average consultations for emergency services during the three months before VD3 administration was 2.15 (95% CI 1.77-2.53). After three months of treatment, the average use of emergency services decreased to 0.52 (95% CI 0.37-0.72; p=0.0180). After the administration of the three doses of VD3, only one patient required hospitalization (2.63%; : 0.026 (IC95% 0.02-0.03; p=0.0368)). Conclusions. The administration of vitamin D3 could have a benefit in decreasing the number of episodes, emergencies, and hospitalization for ARI in children under five years old. Trial studies are required to determine this potential benefit.