Background. The idea of a neuromuscular defect in migraine relates to the emergence of mutations in the CACNA1A gene that encodes the subunit of P/Q-type calcium channels in the motor nerve terminals. This study used single-fibre electromyography (SFEMG) to investigate the potential impact of an underlying channelopathy on subclinical neuromuscular transmission at the motor end plate in different types of migraine. Additionally, we sought to validate previous findings, explore the pathophysiology, and examine any potential relationship between neuromuscular dysfunction and disease severity using the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Material and methods. We enrolled 25 healthy volunteers, 30 migraineurs with aura and 30 without aura diagnosed according to the 2018 criteria of the International Headache Society. Voluntary SFEMG was performed on the frontalis muscle. Jitter values were analysed, including the mean individual jitter values of the migraine group, the number of fibers with increased jitter, the mean Mean Consecutive Difference (MCD), and the lowest and highest jitter values, which were then compared with those of the control group. The intensity of the migraine attacks was assessed using the VAS, while disability was evaluated using the MIDAS. Results. Our findings revealed that the highest jitter values in migraine patients were significantly higher than those observed in the control group. Furthermore, we conducted a subgroup analysis within the migraine group and found that individuals with aura had higher average MCD values compared to those without aura and the control group. Additionally, we examined the association between MIDAS and VAS scores with increased jitter values and neuromuscular transmission abnormalities, but no statistically significant correlation was found (p=0.327). Conclusions. Our study supports the presence of motor endplate dysfunction in migraines, as indicated by previous literature, particularly in migraines with aura when compared to individuals without aura and controls. This finding aligns with the concept that this dysfunction may stem from a channelopathy associated with a genetic predisposition. Additionally, we found no clinical relationship between the neuromuscular disorder, the severity of the disease, and its disability.
{"title":"Single-fiber EMG in Migraine with or without Aura: Search for Correlations with Disability and Headache Intensity","authors":"Ozgun Yetkin, Sadiye Gumusyayla","doi":"10.20883/medical.e939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e939","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The idea of a neuromuscular defect in migraine relates to the emergence of mutations in the CACNA1A gene that encodes the subunit of P/Q-type calcium channels in the motor nerve terminals. This study used single-fibre electromyography (SFEMG) to investigate the potential impact of an underlying channelopathy on subclinical neuromuscular transmission at the motor end plate in different types of migraine. Additionally, we sought to validate previous findings, explore the pathophysiology, and examine any potential relationship between neuromuscular dysfunction and disease severity using the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS).\u0000Material and methods. We enrolled 25 healthy volunteers, 30 migraineurs with aura and 30 without aura diagnosed according to the 2018 criteria of the International Headache Society. Voluntary SFEMG was performed on the frontalis muscle. Jitter values were analysed, including the mean individual jitter values of the migraine group, the number of fibers with increased jitter, the mean Mean Consecutive Difference (MCD), and the lowest and highest jitter values, which were then compared with those of the control group. The intensity of the migraine attacks was assessed using the VAS, while disability was evaluated using the MIDAS.\u0000Results. Our findings revealed that the highest jitter values in migraine patients were significantly higher than those observed in the control group. Furthermore, we conducted a subgroup analysis within the migraine group and found that individuals with aura had higher average MCD values compared to those without aura and the control group. Additionally, we examined the association between MIDAS and VAS scores with increased jitter values and neuromuscular transmission abnormalities, but no statistically significant correlation was found (p=0.327).\u0000Conclusions. Our study supports the presence of motor endplate dysfunction in migraines, as indicated by previous literature, particularly in migraines with aura when compared to individuals without aura and controls. This finding aligns with the concept that this dysfunction may stem from a channelopathy associated with a genetic predisposition. Additionally, we found no clinical relationship between the neuromuscular disorder, the severity of the disease, and its disability.","PeriodicalId":16350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science","volume":"4 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayaskant Sahoo, Nagasatyasuryanarayana Ruttala, Rajendra Prasad, Swikruti Behera, E. Banavathu
Introduction. Anaesthesia is frequently administered through Monitored Anaesthesia Care (MAC) utilising various combinations of anaesthetic drugs for moderately painful operations like Dilatation and Curettage (D&C), which is preferably done as a daycare procedure. The hunt for improved drug combinations is always ongoing, and the pharmacological properties of the individual drugs are considered. In this regard, anaesthesiologists all over the world are quite fond of the combination of Ketamine and Propofol, which is also known as Ketofol. Recently, especially in situations involving MRI sedation, the combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine (Dexket) has gained popularity. This study compares the combinations for MAC during D&C surgeries in a daycare setting. Aim. The primary objective was to estimate the recovery times using either combination. Secondarily, we would also compare the duration of analgesia, the haemodynamics, and the side-effect profiles of the two combinations. Material and Methods. This study enrolled 60 patients posted for elective D&C. According to standard institutional protocols, they were administered Ketofol(KP group) or Dexket(KD group), depending on the anaesthesia provider’s choice. The Ketofol group received Ketamine 1mg/kg and Propofol 1mg/kg with boluses of Ketamine 0.25mg/kg to maintain the depth of anaesthesia using Ramsay sedation score(RSS) >3. KD group received Dexmedetomidine intravenously 1mic/kg over 10 minutes followed by ketamine 1mg/kg boluses of Ketamine 0.25mg/kg to maintain the adequate anaesthetic depth of RSS>3. Results. The Recovery time in post-operative period was significantly prolonged in the KD group (mean 22.77 minutes) compared to the KP group (mean 17.8 minutes). The total duration of analgesia was also longer in the KD group (250 minutes vs 220 minutes in the KP group). It was seen that the hemodynamic variables (HR, SBP, DBP) were consistently higher in the KD group compared to the KP group. There was a significant difference in SBP, DBP, and MAP in the intraoperative period between the KP and KD groups till 4hr in the postoperative period. Conclusions. We conclude that a combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine has longer recovery times and analgesia duration than a combination of Propofol and Ketamine. Side effects like postoperative nausea and vomiting are not significant. However, since the recovery times are comparatively longer in a daycare setting, dexmedetomidine and Ketamine may not be the preferred agents compared to the combination of Ketamine and Propofol in the context of a daycare setting.
{"title":"Comparative study between Ketamine and Propofol versus Ketamine and Dexmedetomidine for Monitored Anaesthesia Care for Dilatation and Curettage surgeries in Daycare procedures","authors":"Ayaskant Sahoo, Nagasatyasuryanarayana Ruttala, Rajendra Prasad, Swikruti Behera, E. Banavathu","doi":"10.20883/medical.e946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e946","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Anaesthesia is frequently administered through Monitored Anaesthesia Care (MAC) utilising various combinations of anaesthetic drugs for moderately painful operations like Dilatation and Curettage (D&C), which is preferably done as a daycare procedure. The hunt for improved drug combinations is always ongoing, and the pharmacological properties of the individual drugs are considered. In this regard, anaesthesiologists all over the world are quite fond of the combination of Ketamine and Propofol, which is also known as Ketofol. Recently, especially in situations involving MRI sedation, the combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine (Dexket) has gained popularity. This study compares the combinations for MAC during D&C surgeries in a daycare setting.\u0000Aim. The primary objective was to estimate the recovery times using either combination. Secondarily, we would also compare the duration of analgesia, the haemodynamics, and the side-effect profiles of the two combinations.\u0000Material and Methods. This study enrolled 60 patients posted for elective D&C. According to standard institutional protocols, they were administered Ketofol(KP group) or Dexket(KD group), depending on the anaesthesia provider’s choice. The Ketofol group received Ketamine 1mg/kg and Propofol 1mg/kg with boluses of Ketamine 0.25mg/kg to maintain the depth of anaesthesia using Ramsay sedation score(RSS) >3. KD group received Dexmedetomidine intravenously 1mic/kg over 10 minutes followed by ketamine 1mg/kg boluses of Ketamine 0.25mg/kg to maintain the adequate anaesthetic depth of RSS>3.\u0000Results. The Recovery time in post-operative period was significantly prolonged in the KD group (mean 22.77 minutes) compared to the KP group (mean 17.8 minutes). The total duration of analgesia was also longer in the KD group (250 minutes vs 220 minutes in the KP group). It was seen that the hemodynamic variables (HR, SBP, DBP) were consistently higher in the KD group compared to the KP group. There was a significant difference in SBP, DBP, and MAP in the intraoperative period between the KP and KD groups till 4hr in the postoperative period.\u0000Conclusions. We conclude that a combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine has longer recovery times and analgesia duration than a combination of Propofol and Ketamine. Side effects like postoperative nausea and vomiting are not significant. However, since the recovery times are comparatively longer in a daycare setting, dexmedetomidine and Ketamine may not be the preferred agents compared to the combination of Ketamine and Propofol in the context of a daycare setting.","PeriodicalId":16350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taiwo Ogunjobi, C. Omiyale, Tolulope Gbayisomore, O. Olofin, P. Nneji, Damilola Onikeku, Moses Oluwole, Somtochukwu Ezeano, Dayo Soleye, Dasola Fadipe, Samson Fakojo, Tobi Sulaiman, Rufus Ajayi
The complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that contribute to obesity, a pervasive global health issue, continue to be a severe concern for people all over the world. This manuscript examines the field of obesogen research, seeking to understand the mechanisms by which certain environmental chemicals contribute to the development of obesity. We explore the obesogenic effects by focusing on pathways such as inflammation, hormone interference, and the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The text focuses on the significance of PPAR isoforms, especially PPARγ, and how they play a role in adipose tissue growth. We examine how obesogens such as tributyltin (TBT) and bisphenol A (BPA) influence these receptors. Additionally, we examined the impact of obesogens on hormonal regulation, including disruptions to leptin and adiponectin, and investigated the intricate relationship between chronic inflammation and obesity. In the methodology of our study, we utilized a systematic search to identify peer-reviewed articles of relevance. This search spanned various model systems, including in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies, providing insights into the distinct advantages and limitations associated with each. Epigenetic modifications and the influence of obesogens on the development of adipose tissue, metabolism, and appetite control further enrich our understanding of this complex field. Finally, we assess the role of endocrine disruptors in amplifying the risk of obesity, emphasizing the heightened susceptibility during crucial developmental periods. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding obesogens, paving the way for targeted interventions and a more profound comprehension of the global obesity epidemic.
{"title":"Mechanisms of obesogens and their impact on adipose tissue, hormones, and inflammation","authors":"Taiwo Ogunjobi, C. Omiyale, Tolulope Gbayisomore, O. Olofin, P. Nneji, Damilola Onikeku, Moses Oluwole, Somtochukwu Ezeano, Dayo Soleye, Dasola Fadipe, Samson Fakojo, Tobi Sulaiman, Rufus Ajayi","doi":"10.20883/medical.e965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e965","url":null,"abstract":"The complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that contribute to obesity, a pervasive global health issue, continue to be a severe concern for people all over the world. This manuscript examines the field of obesogen research, seeking to understand the mechanisms by which certain environmental chemicals contribute to the development of obesity. We explore the obesogenic effects by focusing on pathways such as inflammation, hormone interference, and the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The text focuses on the significance of PPAR isoforms, especially PPARγ, and how they play a role in adipose tissue growth. We examine how obesogens such as tributyltin (TBT) and bisphenol A (BPA) influence these receptors. Additionally, we examined the impact of obesogens on hormonal regulation, including disruptions to leptin and adiponectin, and investigated the intricate relationship between chronic inflammation and obesity. In the methodology of our study, we utilized a systematic search to identify peer-reviewed articles of relevance. This search spanned various model systems, including in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies, providing insights into the distinct advantages and limitations associated with each. Epigenetic modifications and the influence of obesogens on the development of adipose tissue, metabolism, and appetite control further enrich our understanding of this complex field. Finally, we assess the role of endocrine disruptors in amplifying the risk of obesity, emphasizing the heightened susceptibility during crucial developmental periods. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding obesogens, paving the way for targeted interventions and a more profound comprehension of the global obesity epidemic.","PeriodicalId":16350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sreelakshmi P J, H. Kumar K. S., Jacob Kuruvilla, P. G. Theckel
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and mononuclear phagocytes represent an important first line and effector function in control of Candida infections. The aim of the study is to determine the in-vitro phagocytic activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells against oral isolates of Candida species and its antifungal susceptibility. The study also evaluates the degree of respiratory burst activity of PBMCs. Phagocytic and lytic indices by PBMCs were determined for Candida spp. The respiratory burst activity was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium test. Antifungal disc diffusion susceptibility testing was performed. A total of 100 Candida were isolated belonging to the species C.albicans, C. tropicalis, C.krusei and C.auris. Phagocytic and lytic indices of C.albicans was significant when compared to standard strain of C.albicans. For C.tropicalis and C.krusei phagocytic index was significant while lytic index was not significant when compared to standard strain. The inter species comparison of both the indices was not significant for the clinical isolates of Candida. A significant reduction in phagocytic activity was observed for clinical isolates of Candida spp. but lytic activity was variable when compared to the standard strain of C.albicans.
{"title":"Estimation of Phagocytic activity by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells on various oral isolates of Candida species – An in-vitro study","authors":"Sreelakshmi P J, H. Kumar K. S., Jacob Kuruvilla, P. G. Theckel","doi":"10.20883/medical.e953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e953","url":null,"abstract":"Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and mononuclear phagocytes represent an important first line and effector function in control of Candida infections. The aim of the study is to determine the in-vitro phagocytic activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells against oral isolates of Candida species and its antifungal susceptibility. The study also evaluates the degree of respiratory burst activity of PBMCs. Phagocytic and lytic indices by PBMCs were determined for Candida spp. The respiratory burst activity was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium test. Antifungal disc diffusion susceptibility testing was performed.\u0000A total of 100 Candida were isolated belonging to the species C.albicans, C. tropicalis, C.krusei and C.auris. Phagocytic and lytic indices of C.albicans was significant when compared to standard strain of C.albicans. For C.tropicalis and C.krusei phagocytic index was significant while lytic index was not significant when compared to standard strain. The inter species comparison of both the indices was not significant for the clinical isolates of Candida. A significant reduction in phagocytic activity was observed for clinical isolates of Candida spp. but lytic activity was variable when compared to the standard strain of C.albicans.","PeriodicalId":16350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science","volume":"1374 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140466818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical research study designs are many and varied. At first glance they may be difficult to distinguish. Knowledge of their specific strengths and limitations is useful for investigators planning new projects and for readers of the medical literature. This review has three aims: (i) to present an overview of medical research types, (ii) to attract attention to multiple characteristics of medical study designs, and (iii) to provide a concise educational resource for young researchers in health sciences. The goals are achieved by analyzing main characteristics of medical study designs.
{"title":"Study designs in medical research and their key characteristics","authors":"Dr Jan Nowak","doi":"10.20883/medical.e928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e928","url":null,"abstract":"Medical research study designs are many and varied. At first glance they may be difficult to distinguish. Knowledge of their specific strengths and limitations is useful for investigators planning new projects and for readers of the medical literature. This review has three aims: (i) to present an overview of medical research types, (ii) to attract attention to multiple characteristics of medical study designs, and (iii) to provide a concise educational resource for young researchers in health sciences. The goals are achieved by analyzing main characteristics of medical study designs.","PeriodicalId":16350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2023, Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their nucleoside base modifications research that later enabled mRNA vaccine development against COVID-19. This paper briefly reviews these achievements in the context of the development of mRNA technology and its enormous potential for medicine in the prevention of various infectious diseases and cancer treatment, including personalized therapies. It is beyond any doubt that discoveries made by Karikó and Weissman were pivotal in overcoming one of the major hurdles in the practical application of mRNA molecules, i.e., their recognition by endosomal Toll-like receptors and downstream innate immune response, ultimately leading to the decreased translational activity of exogenous mRNA molecules and their degradation. Although the Nobel Prize for Karikó and Weissman is fully justified, it must be stressed that the mRNA technology would never unfold its potential for public health without a collective scientific effort encompassing over 40 years of research.
{"title":"The pivotal role of uridine modifications in the development of mRNA technology","authors":"P. Rzymski","doi":"10.20883/medical.e938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e938","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their nucleoside base modifications research that later enabled mRNA vaccine development against COVID-19. This paper briefly reviews these achievements in the context of the development of mRNA technology and its enormous potential for medicine in the prevention of various infectious diseases and cancer treatment, including personalized therapies. It is beyond any doubt that discoveries made by Karikó and Weissman were pivotal in overcoming one of the major hurdles in the practical application of mRNA molecules, i.e., their recognition by endosomal Toll-like receptors and downstream innate immune response, ultimately leading to the decreased translational activity of exogenous mRNA molecules and their degradation. Although the Nobel Prize for Karikó and Weissman is fully justified, it must be stressed that the mRNA technology would never unfold its potential for public health without a collective scientific effort encompassing over 40 years of research.","PeriodicalId":16350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science","volume":"55 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Propofol is widely used for induction, maintenance of anaesthesia and possess many characteristics of an ideal intravenous anaesthetic agent. It is known to cause severe, sharp, stinging or burning pain on injection which is considered to be unacceptable as it can cause agitation and interfere with smooth induction of anaesthesia. In this study we are comparing Palonosetron and Normal Saline in decreasing pain on injection of propofol during intravenous induction of anaesthesia. Material and methods. One hundred adult patients belonging to ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were selected and randomly allocated to two groups. Group P received Injection Palonosetron and Group S received Injection Normal Saline as pre-treatment before injection of propofol. Patients were assessed for pain on propofol injection. Haemodynamic parameters and electrocardiography were recorded at the following points of time: prior to induction, after pre-treatment,induction, and half hourly during the surgery. Results. Comparing pain during propofol injection, 32% in Palonosetron group and 4% in Normal Saline group did not have pain, 54 % in Palonosetron group and 20 % in Normal Saline group had mild pain, 12% in Palonosetron group and 48% in Normal Saline group had moderate pain, 2% in Palonosetron group and 28% in Normal Saline group had severe pain. Conclusions. Pretreatment with Palonosetron 0.075 mg reduced the incidence and severity of propofol induced pain on injection, with an added advantage of decreased post-operative nausea and vomiting without significant haemodynamic changes.
{"title":"A study to assess the effect of pretreatment with intravenous palonosetron in preventing pain on propofol injection","authors":"Nethra Surhonne, Chaithali Hebri, Sudeesh Kannan","doi":"10.20883/medical.e874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e874","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Propofol is widely used for induction, maintenance of anaesthesia and possess many characteristics of an ideal intravenous anaesthetic agent. It is known to cause severe, sharp, stinging or burning pain on injection which is considered to be unacceptable as it can cause agitation and interfere with smooth induction of anaesthesia. In this study we are comparing Palonosetron and Normal Saline in decreasing pain on injection of propofol during intravenous induction of anaesthesia.\u0000Material and methods. One hundred adult patients belonging to ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were selected and randomly allocated to two groups. Group P received Injection Palonosetron and Group S received Injection Normal Saline as pre-treatment before injection of propofol. Patients were assessed for pain on propofol injection. Haemodynamic parameters and electrocardiography were recorded at the following points of time: prior to induction, after pre-treatment,induction, and half hourly during the surgery.\u0000Results. Comparing pain during propofol injection, 32% in Palonosetron group and 4% in Normal Saline group did not have pain, 54 % in Palonosetron group and 20 % in Normal Saline group had mild pain, 12% in Palonosetron group and 48% in Normal Saline group had moderate pain, 2% in Palonosetron group and 28% in Normal Saline group had severe pain.\u0000Conclusions. Pretreatment with Palonosetron 0.075 mg reduced the incidence and severity of propofol induced pain on injection, with an added advantage of decreased post-operative nausea and vomiting without significant haemodynamic changes.","PeriodicalId":16350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandra Wojtkiewicz, Maciej Szota, K. Kędziora–Kornatowska
Introduction and purpose. Hendra and Nipah are two highly dangerous zoonotic viruses belonging to the group of henipaviruses. Although they have been known for more than 20 years, no human drug or vaccine has been invented for them. The aim of this paper is to describe the epidemiology of the reported paramyxoviruses, the pandemic potential of henipaviruses and a standardised action plan to counter their spread. This paper is a review of scientific articles from 2012-2023 published in the scientific databases such as Pubmed, Researchgate and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used: pandemic potential of henipaviruses, Hendra virus, Nipah virus, henipavirus epidemics. Description of the state of knowledge. The mortality rate of henipaviruses varies between 50-100%. The Nipah virus is particularly dangerous, with epidemics recurring virtually every year in Asia since 1998. The Hendra virus situation is more manageable because there is an effective vaccine for horses, which are most vulnerable to infection. Through anthropogenic changes, the terrain and climate where the animals that are the reservoir of the virus are found are changing. Due to the numerous outbreaks of henipaviruses in areas of Asia and Australia, great care is being taken to quickly neutralise the outbreaks that occur. Conclusions. Due to the high pandemic threat from henipaviruses, more research into drugs and vaccines is required. It is also important to develop effective bio-assurance plans, introduce controls on their operation and educate the population on the issue. Reservoir animals, through anthropogenic changes in the environment, are changing habitats and feeding sites, making more and more territories vulnerable to the disease. New species of henipaviruses are emerging all the time, posing an epizootic challenge to public health, so a key action is to increase the amount of research into the epidemic development of the virus and to conduct it as widely as possible.
{"title":"Pandemic potential of henipaviruses","authors":"Aleksandra Wojtkiewicz, Maciej Szota, K. Kędziora–Kornatowska","doi":"10.20883/medical.e929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e929","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose. Hendra and Nipah are two highly dangerous zoonotic viruses belonging to the group of henipaviruses. Although they have been known for more than 20 years, no human drug or vaccine has been invented for them. The aim of this paper is to describe the epidemiology of the reported paramyxoviruses, the pandemic potential of henipaviruses and a standardised action plan to counter their spread. This paper is a review of scientific articles from 2012-2023 published in the scientific databases such as Pubmed, Researchgate and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used: pandemic potential of henipaviruses, Hendra virus, Nipah virus, henipavirus epidemics.\u0000Description of the state of knowledge. The mortality rate of henipaviruses varies between 50-100%. The Nipah virus is particularly dangerous, with epidemics recurring virtually every year in Asia since 1998. The Hendra virus situation is more manageable because there is an effective vaccine for horses, which are most vulnerable to infection. Through anthropogenic changes, the terrain and climate where the animals that are the reservoir of the virus are found are changing. Due to the numerous outbreaks of henipaviruses in areas of Asia and Australia, great care is being taken to quickly neutralise the outbreaks that occur.\u0000Conclusions. Due to the high pandemic threat from henipaviruses, more research into drugs and vaccines is required. It is also important to develop effective bio-assurance plans, introduce controls on their operation and educate the population on the issue. Reservoir animals, through anthropogenic changes in the environment, are changing habitats and feeding sites, making more and more territories vulnerable to the disease. New species of henipaviruses are emerging all the time, posing an epizootic challenge to public health, so a key action is to increase the amount of research into the epidemic development of the virus and to conduct it as widely as possible.","PeriodicalId":16350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science","volume":"110 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Sawczak, A. Kukfisz, Maria Cierzniak, Alicja Szubarga, A. Soloch, Anita Balewska, M. Szczechla, H. Krysztofiak, K. Przytarska, M. Dudek, Izabella Uchmanowicz, E. Straburzyńska-Migaj, M. Kałużna-Oleksy
Heart failure (HF) patients are vulnerable to a complicated course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between the decision not to be immunized against SARS-CoV-2, clinical, epidemiological factors and pre-pandemic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of HF patients . Prior to the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, hospitalized HF patients were enrolled as a prospective cohort and interviewed with World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version questionnaire. On October 30, 2021, the immunization status was verified. The association of vaccination hesitancy with epidemiological and clinical parameters, and pre-pandemic questionnaire results was tested. Subsequently, the independence from confounding factors, age, sex, New York Heart Association (NYHA) scale, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was analyzed. Among 136 included patients, 77.9% were vaccinated. Unvaccinated patients were younger (51.2±13.2 vs 56.6±10.3; p=0.018) and more frequently had non-ischemic etiology of HF (73.3% vs. 46.7%; p=0.013). It was significant after adjustment for age, sex, NYHA class and LVEF. There was no association of overall HRQoL or domain scores with vaccination status. Younger age as a factor associated with vaccine avoidance in this population is consistent with data from the general population despite higher exposure to the severe course of the disease.
心力衰竭(HF)患者容易受到复杂的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)感染。本研究旨在分析不接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗的决定与临床、流行病学因素与HF患者大流行前健康相关生活质量(HRQoL)的关系。在SARS-CoV-2大流行发生之前，将住院的HF患者纳入前瞻性队列，并使用世界卫生组织生活质量简要版问卷进行访谈。2021年10月30日，确认免疫接种情况。对疫苗接种犹豫与流行病学和临床参数以及大流行前问卷调查结果的关系进行了测试。随后，对年龄、性别、纽约心脏协会(NYHA)量表和左室射血分数(LVEF)等混杂因素的独立性进行分析。在136例纳入的患者中，77.9%的人接种了疫苗。未接种疫苗的患者更年轻(51.2±13.2 vs 56.6±10.3;p=0.018)，非缺血性病因发生率更高(73.3% vs. 46.7%;p = 0.013)。经年龄、性别、NYHA分级及LVEF校正后，差异有统计学意义。总体HRQoL或域评分与疫苗接种状态没有关联。在这一人群中，较年轻的年龄是与避免接种疫苗相关的一个因素，这与普通人群的数据一致，尽管他们对该病的严重病程的暴露程度较高。
{"title":"Relationship of pre-pandemic quality of life and avoiding vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with heart failure – a cohort study","authors":"F. Sawczak, A. Kukfisz, Maria Cierzniak, Alicja Szubarga, A. Soloch, Anita Balewska, M. Szczechla, H. Krysztofiak, K. Przytarska, M. Dudek, Izabella Uchmanowicz, E. Straburzyńska-Migaj, M. Kałużna-Oleksy","doi":"10.20883/medical.e883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e883","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure (HF) patients are vulnerable to a complicated course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between the decision not to be immunized against SARS-CoV-2, clinical, epidemiological factors and pre-pandemic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of HF patients . Prior to the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, hospitalized HF patients were enrolled as a prospective cohort and interviewed with World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version questionnaire. On October 30, 2021, the immunization status was verified. The association of vaccination hesitancy with epidemiological and clinical parameters, and pre-pandemic questionnaire results was tested. Subsequently, the independence from confounding factors, age, sex, New York Heart Association (NYHA) scale, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was analyzed. Among 136 included patients, 77.9% were vaccinated. Unvaccinated patients were younger (51.2±13.2 vs 56.6±10.3; p=0.018) and more frequently had non-ischemic etiology of HF (73.3% vs. 46.7%; p=0.013). It was significant after adjustment for age, sex, NYHA class and LVEF. There was no association of overall HRQoL or domain scores with vaccination status. Younger age as a factor associated with vaccine avoidance in this population is consistent with data from the general population despite higher exposure to the severe course of the disease.","PeriodicalId":16350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science","volume":"36 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zuzanna Karbowska, Katarzyna Cierpiszewska, Klara Maruszczak, Ivanna Sukhachova, Dominika Szwankowska, Igor Piotrowski
Various studies have shown that testosterone levels heavily impact many areas of a man’s health. Low serum testosterone (and, by analogy, late onset hypogonadism) may be responsible for such conditions as type 2 diabetes, obesity in abdominal area, and most of all, heightened cardiovascular risk (CV). Among other outcomes researchers have pointed out metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia, as well as increased risk of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder. There have also been reports of testosterone’s influence on fertility, bone mineral density and the development of polycythemia. All of these effects can be linked to the increased levels of inflammatory markers caused by low testosterone and lead to higher risk of premature death. Overly high testosterone, however, has been proven to have a notable influence on men’s personality, as well as other psychological and social traits, both in endogenously elevated testosterone level, and in patients with history of anabolic- androgenic steroid use. The last decade’s research of testosterone’s impact on the organism has brought contradictory results. Therefore, examination and understanding of the influence of its abnormal levels proves important to not only guarantee the best quality of hypogonadism treatment, but also to efficiently prevent any side effects or complications associated with testosterone use.
{"title":"Impact of testosterone levels and testosterone replacement ther-apy on men’s health","authors":"Zuzanna Karbowska, Katarzyna Cierpiszewska, Klara Maruszczak, Ivanna Sukhachova, Dominika Szwankowska, Igor Piotrowski","doi":"10.20883/medical.e856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e856","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Various studies have shown that testosterone levels heavily impact many areas of a man’s health. Low serum testosterone (and, by analogy, late onset hypogonadism) may be responsible for such conditions as type 2 diabetes, obesity in abdominal area, and most of all, heightened cardiovascular risk (CV). Among other outcomes researchers have pointed out metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia, as well as increased risk of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder. There have also been reports of testosterone’s influence on fertility, bone mineral density and the development of polycythemia. All of these effects can be linked to the increased levels of inflammatory markers caused by low testosterone and lead to higher risk of premature death.\u0000Overly high testosterone, however, has been proven to have a notable influence on men’s personality, as well as other psychological and social traits, both in endogenously elevated testosterone level, and in patients with history of anabolic- androgenic steroid use.\u0000The last decade’s research of testosterone’s impact on the organism has brought contradictory results. Therefore, examination and understanding of the influence of its abnormal levels proves important to not only guarantee the best quality of hypogonadism treatment, but also to efficiently prevent any side effects or complications associated with testosterone use.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":16350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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