Reactive Transport Modelling of a Carbonate Reservoir under Seawater Injection

Yisheng Hu, E. Mackay
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Produced water chemical compositional data are collected from a carbonate reservoir which had been flooded by North Seawater for more than 20 years, so there is an opportunity to analyse the large amount of produced water data collected, understand the brine/brine and brine/rock interactions and explore the impact factors behind them. In some publications, core flood experimental tests were performed with chalk cores or carbonate columns in order to make an understanding of possible chemical reactions occurring triggered by injected water with different composition (Seawater, low salinity water or any other brine). However, most of the time the laboratory conditions where core flooding experiments are implemented cannot fully simulate the real reservoir conditions. Therefore, in this study, with the help of the valuable produced water dataset and some basic reservoir properties, a one-dimensional reactive transport model is developed to identify what in situ reactions were taking place in the carbonate reservoir triggered by seawater injection. From the perspective of reservoir mineralogy, calcite, as the dominant mineral in the carbonate reservoir, is relatively more chemically reactive than quartz and feldspar which are usually found in sandstone. Whether calcite is initially and dominantly present in the carbonate reservoir rock is dissolved under seawater flooding or not is the first key issue we focused on. The effects of calcite dissolution on the sulphate scaling reactions due to incompatible brine mixing and the potential occurrence of carbonate mineral precipitation induced by calcite dissolution are investigated and discussed in detail. The comparison of simulation results from the isothermal model and the non-isothermal model show the important role of temperature during geochemical processes. The partitioning of CO2 from the hydrocarbon phase into injected brine was considered through calculation of the composition of reacted seawater equilibrated with the CO2 gas phase with fixed partial pressure (equivalent with CO2 content), then subsequently the impact of CO2 interactions on the calcite, dolomite and huntite mineral reactions are studied and explained. We also use calculation results from the model to match the observed field data to demonstrate the possibility of ion exchange occurring in the chalk reservoir.
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海水注入作用下碳酸盐岩储层反应输运模拟
采出水化学成分数据收集自一个碳酸盐岩储层,该储层已被北海水淹没了20多年,因此有机会分析收集到的大量采出水数据,了解盐水/盐水以及盐水/岩石的相互作用,并探索其背后的影响因素。在一些出版物中,用白垩岩心或碳酸盐岩柱进行岩心注水实验测试,以了解不同成分的注入水(海水、低盐度水或任何其他盐水)可能引发的化学反应。然而,岩心驱油实验的实验室条件往往不能完全模拟油藏的真实情况。因此,在本研究中,借助有价值的采出水数据集和一些基本的储层性质,建立了一维反应输运模型,以确定海水注入引发的碳酸盐储层中发生了哪些原位反应。从储层矿物学角度看,方解石作为碳酸盐岩储层中的优势矿物,相对于砂岩中常见的石英和长石,其化学活性更强。碳酸盐岩储层是否以方解石为主,是否在海水驱作用下溶解,是研究的首要问题。详细探讨了方解石溶解对不相容盐水混合引起的硫酸盐结垢反应的影响,以及方解石溶解引起碳酸盐矿物沉淀的可能性。等温模式与非等温模式模拟结果的对比表明,温度在地球化学过程中起着重要作用。通过计算与固定分压(相当于CO2含量)的CO2气相平衡的反应海水的组成,考虑了CO2从碳氢相分配到注入盐水中,然后研究和解释了CO2相互作用对方解石、白云石和钙石矿物反应的影响。我们还利用模型的计算结果与观测到的现场数据相匹配,以证明白垩储层中发生离子交换的可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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