La vacuna contra la viruela en el imperio alemán. La vacunación entre biopolítica y economía moral

IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI:10.3989/asclepio.2020.01
Axel C. Hüntelmann
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

After a smallpox epidemic in Germany in the early 1870s in the wake of the Franco-German War, smallpox vaccination became compulsory by Imperial Law in 1874. The act was hotly debated in parliament and in public and earlier resistance against vaccination developed into a political anti-vaccination movement. For this reason, the German government adopted a number of safety measures. The current article describes, firstly, vaccination practices, regulations and policies in the German states up to the 1870s and the biopolitical developments that led to the Imperial Law on compulsory smallpox vaccination in 1874. Secondly, the article sketches the public debate and critique regarding vaccination asking why compulsory vaccination succeeded in Germany. The article describes the measures implemented by the German government to promote compulsory vaccination and acceptance of the Imperial Law: initially, smallpox vaccines were manufactured by state-run production sites and supervised by local authori­ties. Empire-wide statistics were collated documenting the success of vaccination as well as related side-effects. From a government perspective, these precautions could be interpreted as a technology of trust.
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德意志帝国的天花疫苗。生物政治和道德经济之间的疫苗接种
19世纪70年代初,法德战争之后,德国爆发了天花疫情,1874年,《帝国法》规定必须接种天花疫苗。该法案在议会和公众中引起了激烈的争论,早期对疫苗接种的抵制发展成了一场政治上的反疫苗运动。为此,德国政府采取了一系列安全措施。当前的文章首先描述了直到19世纪70年代德国各州的疫苗接种实践、法规和政策,以及导致1874年强制接种天花疫苗的帝国法的生物政治发展。其次,文章概述了关于疫苗接种的公众辩论和批评,询问为什么强制疫苗接种在德国成功。这篇文章描述了德国政府为促进强制性疫苗接种和接受《帝国法》而实施的措施:最初,天花疫苗由国营生产基地生产,并由地方当局监督。对帝国范围内的统计数据进行了整理,记录了疫苗接种的成功以及相关的副作用。从政府的角度来看,这些预防措施可以被解释为一种信任技术。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
50.00%
发文量
14
审稿时长
53 weeks
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