The application of metagenomics in hydrocarbon resource management

Abstract

The last 5-10 years has witness a new proven field of research where explanation have been provided to non-cultured microbes. This uncultured microorganisms forms the major group of organisms found in most environment of the Earth. The science of metagenomics makes it possible to investigate resources which can be used to develop new enzymes, genes and several chemical compounds for use in biotechnology. Studies of microorganisms in pure laboratory culture for over a century have led to significant advances into microbial genetics and physiology, biotechnology and molecular biology. The rapid advancement in sequencing technology has brought about drastic reduction cost of sequencing thereby leading to increasing sequencing project been undertaken. This advancement has provided the privilege for the continual use of this sequencing technology to monitor microbes in the environment which before now are not available. While metagenomic applications have been used to consistently have a better understanding of ecology and microbial diversity, it is pertinent to note that its application in environmental monitoring and application is commonly increasing and has been one of the research areas in focus. To this end this article seek to provide a general overview of what metagenmics is, its principle and application in hydrocarbon resource management.