Pollen morphological variability correlates with a large-scale gradient of aridity

IF 2.3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Web Ecology Pub Date : 2020-05-12 DOI:10.5194/we-20-19-2020
H. Fatmi, S. Maalem, Bouchra Harsa, A. Dekak, Haroun Chenchouni
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引用次数: 18

Abstract

Abstract. The study of the morphology of living organisms is essential to understand their evolution and diversity. This study aims to determine the importance of climatic gradients in the diversity of pollen morphotypes using Atriplex halimus L. (Amaranthaceae) as a model species. Atriplex halimus is a perennial shrubby plant, polymorphic and very resistant to severe environmental conditions. In seven bioclimatic zones, ranging from mesic conditions in the north to hot–hyperarid in the south, pollen samples were collected from 49 sites, with seven accessions per bioclimate. Under a light microscope, pollen grains were selected and analyzed from three anthers of different flowers. Besides the usual pollen grain types, some previously unknown morphotypes, such as sulcate, triangular, and ovoid, were observed and described at the different climatic zones. A total of 10 pollen grain shapes were quantified and discussed following their specific occurrences within different climatic zones. Occurrence frequencies of different pollen shapes ranged between 0 % and 85.7 %, where the pantoporate spheroidal was the most widespread in all climatic zones, especially in the desert climate (85.7 %). Five pollen types occurred exclusively once per climate zone. The pantoporate prolate spheroidal in mesomediterranean climate with a long dry season (28.6 %), sulcate in the xerothermomediterranean climate (14.3%), pantoporate subtriangular in the subdesert climate with a short dry season (14.3 %), and pantoporate subprolate and boat-shaped in a subdesert climate with a long dry season with 14.3 % for each. Our findings help to understand the evolutionary effects of climate gradients on pollen morphology and variability in arid and desert areas and point towards a high degree of specialization in order to maximize trade-offs between pollination efficiency and protection of pollen grains from dehydration.
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花粉形态变异与大尺度的干旱梯度有关
摘要对生物形态的研究对于理解它们的进化和多样性至关重要。本研究旨在以苋菜科(amaranaceae)的triplex halimus L.为模式种,探讨气候梯度对其花粉形态多样性的影响。盐柳是一种多年生灌木植物,多形性强,对恶劣的环境条件具有很强的抵抗力。在7个生物气候带中,从北部的中度气候到南部的高温极度干旱气候,采集了49个地点的花粉样本,每个生物气候带有7个资料。在光镜下,对三种不同花的花药的花粉粒进行了分析。除了常见的花粉粒型外,在不同的气候带还观察到和描述了一些以前未知的花粉粒型,如凹形、三角形和卵球形。对10种花粉粒形进行了定量分析,并讨论了它们在不同气候带的具体表现。不同花粉形态的出现频率在0% ~ 85.7%之间,其中,在各气候带,以荒漠气候中分布最广(85.7%)。五种花粉类型在每个气候带只出现一次。干季较长的中地中海气候中,pantopate - proshaped为球状(28.6%);干季较短的亚沙漠气候中,pantopate - proshaped为槽形(14.3%);干季较长的亚沙漠气候中,pantopate - proshaped为亚三角形(14.3%);我们的研究结果有助于理解气候梯度对干旱和沙漠地区花粉形态和变异的进化影响,并指向高度专业化,以最大限度地平衡授粉效率和保护花粉粒免受脱水。
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来源期刊
Web Ecology
Web Ecology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6
审稿时长
17 weeks
期刊介绍: Web Ecology (WE) is an open-access journal issued by the European Ecological Federation (EEF) representing the ecological societies within Europe and associated members. Its special value is to serve as a publication forum for national ecological societies that do not maintain their own society journal. Web Ecology publishes papers from all fields of ecology without any geographic restriction. It is a forum to communicate results of experimental, theoretical, and descriptive studies of general interest to an international audience. Original contributions, short communications, and reviews on ecological research on all kinds of organisms and ecosystems are welcome as well as papers that express emerging ideas and concepts with a sound scientific background.
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