Development of special investigation activities in relation to criminal process and human rights

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the field of special investigative activity and criminal proceedings. Through the historical research method, the evolution of the special investigation activity in relation to the criminal process and the institution of human law is studied and analyzed. The study shows that no distinction was initially made between special investigations and criminal proceedings. Subsequently, as human rights are exploited, these two types of activity are divided, the criminal process becoming a public form of investigation of crimes and special investigations being kept secret, fulfilling the function of providing information on the criminal process and ensuring security. Our country’s adherence to international human rights law has led to the legalization of special investigations separately from criminal proceedings. Later, also under the influence of human rights, the partial reintegration of the two forms of investigations followed. Thus, the whole evolutionary process of special investigations is divided into four consecutive stages: the first stage begins in ancient times and ends in the twentieth century. XIX; the second stage lasts until the end of the century. XX; the third stage begins with the legalization of the special investigation activity and the last stage begins with the reintegration of the special investigation activity and the criminal process.