Polarization of American Elites (Evidence from the Analysis of the Candidates' Policy Statements during the 2020 Presidential Election)

IF 2.9 1区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Journal of Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI:10.30570/2078-5089-2023-108-1-161-181
A. Zhdanov, K. V. Kosolapov
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Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of political polarization in the United States through the prism of the influence of various groups of American elites on this process. Empirically analyzing the campaign messages of Joseph Biden, Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders, which were spread by their electoral staff during the 2020 presidential campaign, and using the methods of network and LDA analysis, the authors attempt to determine to what extent the Democratic and Republican leaders tend to use tools that polarize society and whether the nature of the influence of these parties on the American society differs. Having documented the presence of all types of political polarization in the United States, the authors show that both Republicans and Democrats significantly add to polarization because, on the one hand, they fuel emotional tension in the society, and on the other hand, they deny legitimacy to the principles of their opponents. The analysis carried out in the article clearly demonstrates that all groups of the American political elites, regardless of party affiliation, are nearly equally susceptible to affective and positional polarization, including those whose political activity is usually assessed as depolarizing. All this refutes the widespread notion that the Republican Party, which exploits the Us vs. Them dichotomy for narrow political purposes, is primarily responsible for the polarization in the country, indicating that something bigger, rather than the rise of right-wing populism or the increased popularity of nativist movements, explains the crisis processes that have been unfolding in the recent years in the United States, as well as in other old democracies.
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美国精英的两极分化(来自2020年总统大选候选人政策声明分析的证据)
本文致力于通过美国精英群体对这一进程的影响这一棱镜来研究美国的政治两极分化。实证分析约瑟夫·拜登、唐纳德·特朗普和伯尼·桑德斯的竞选信息,这些信息在2020年总统竞选期间由他们的选举工作人员传播,并使用网络和LDA分析的方法,作者试图确定民主党和共和党领导人在多大程度上倾向于使用使社会两极分化的工具,以及这些政党对美国社会的影响性质是否不同。在记录了美国存在的所有类型的政治两极分化之后,作者表明,共和党人和民主党人都大大加剧了两极分化,因为一方面,他们加剧了社会的情绪紧张,另一方面,他们否认了对手原则的合法性。文章中进行的分析清楚地表明,美国政治精英的所有群体,无论所属党派如何,都几乎同样容易受到情感和立场两极分化的影响,包括那些政治活动通常被评估为去两极分化的群体。所有这些都驳斥了一种广为流传的观点,即共和党利用美国与他们的二分法来达到狭隘的政治目的,对美国的两极分化负有主要责任,这表明,更大的因素,而不是右翼民粹主义的兴起或本土主义运动的日益普及,解释了近年来在美国以及其他老牌民主国家展开的危机进程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.60%
发文量
17
期刊介绍: The Journal of Political Philosophy is an international journal devoted to the study of theoretical issues arising out of moral, legal and political life. It welcomes, and hopes to foster, work cutting across a variety of disciplinary concerns, among them philosophy, sociology, history, economics and political science. The journal encourages new approaches, including (but not limited to): feminism; environmentalism; critical theory, post-modernism and analytical Marxism; social and public choice theory; law and economics, critical legal studies and critical race studies; and game theoretic, socio-biological and anthropological approaches to politics. It also welcomes work in the history of political thought which builds to a larger philosophical point and work in the philosophy of the social sciences and applied ethics with broader political implications. Featuring a distinguished editorial board from major centres of thought from around the globe, the journal draws equally upon the work of non-philosophers and philosophers and provides a forum of debate between disparate factions who usually keep to their own separate journals.
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