Qualidade física de um cambissolo sob sistemas de manejo

Abstract

The Apodi Tableland is becoming known as a promising center of irrigated fruit production because of the agricultural potential of its soils. The physical properties of these soils are modified by different management types. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of an Inceptisol under papaya (Carica papaya L.) in two tillage systems, compared to the same soil type under secondary forest. Samples of disturbed and undisturbed soil were collected for analysis of texture, clay dispersed in water, bulk density, particle density, aggregate stability, organic carbon, and penetration resistance. The clay flocculation degree and organic matter content were calculated. The soil hydraulic conductivity was tested in the field. The 3 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme consisted of two soil management systems (papaya planted in furrow and ridge) and native secondary forest; three soil layers (0-0.1; 0.1-0.2, and 0.2-0.3 m), in five replications, except for the hydraulic conductivity, for which a factorial 3 x 2 x 5 (two soil management systems and secondary forest; two tensions - 0 and 5 hPa; five replications) was used, in a completely randomized design. The Kolmorogov-Smirnov Test was used to verify the normality of data distribution, the F Test for analysis of variance and Tukey's test for mean comparison, all at p=0.05. It was concluded that: a) the hypothesis that the tillage systems worsen the physical soil quality was refuted, indicating that the quality of the cultivated soil was generally maintained or improved in relation to the status of the native soil; b) the decrease of the organic matter content, percentage of stable aggregates (diameter class 4.76-2.00 mm) and the mean weighted diameter in cultivated soil, although still far from critical limits, indicate the need for management practices that avoid soil degradation; c) the soil quality indices were sensitive to changes caused by soil management systems and can therefore be used as a basis of interpretation of the dynamics of soil physical processes in time.