Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20230024
José Alexsandro Guimarães Lima, Francisca Evelice Cardoso de Souza, Francisca Gleiciane da Silva, F. S. Terra, Diana Ferreira de Freitas, M. Costa, Raul Shiso Toma
The rational exploitation of the land requires planning its agricultural use, which can be supported by the agricultural land suitability (ALS) assessment. The scheme to assess ALS proposed by Food Agricultural Organization (FAO) has been adopted in Brazil based on guiding charts for subtropical, humid tropical and semi-arid tropical climate. However, the guiding chart used for the semi-arid region has dramatically limited the ALS in drylands on which rainfed agriculture has been practiced. In this study, an adequation for the ALS assessment regarding the edaphoclimatic conditions of semi-arid region was proposed to improve the representation of agricultural areas and to allow a better planning of soil conservation practices. The ALS of the south region of Ceará State (Brazil) was assessed according to the FAO scheme and its initial adaptation to the Brazilian conditions; subsequently, this assessment was obtained by two adequations. Adequation I disregarded the limiting factor of water availability, while adequation II, besides disregarding the factor of water availability, established new limits for the classes of effective soil depth. The adequations resulted in an increase of 177.19 % in the areas with regular suitability for crops to the detriment of areas with restricted suitability for crops and areas with suitability only for pasture or grazing lands. The adequations increased the agricultural suitability in 41.26 % of the area of the mapping units, and 16.77 % of them were due to the modifications related to the effective soil depth, while the other 26.35 % were due to the changes related to water availability. The results related to water availability were equivalent to those observed through the dynamic analysis of land-use and cover associated with the rainfall, which demonstrated an increase in the areas for rainfed agriculture and a reduction in fallow and pasture areas in the years with rainfall within the climatic normality. The areas considered suitable for crop production with the adequation of the scheme may be included in soil conservation programs.
{"title":"Adapting the land agricultural suitability assessment scheme for drylands edaphoclimatic conditions","authors":"José Alexsandro Guimarães Lima, Francisca Evelice Cardoso de Souza, Francisca Gleiciane da Silva, F. S. Terra, Diana Ferreira de Freitas, M. Costa, Raul Shiso Toma","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20230024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230024","url":null,"abstract":"The rational exploitation of the land requires planning its agricultural use, which can be supported by the agricultural land suitability (ALS) assessment. The scheme to assess ALS proposed by Food Agricultural Organization (FAO) has been adopted in Brazil based on guiding charts for subtropical, humid tropical and semi-arid tropical climate. However, the guiding chart used for the semi-arid region has dramatically limited the ALS in drylands on which rainfed agriculture has been practiced. In this study, an adequation for the ALS assessment regarding the edaphoclimatic conditions of semi-arid region was proposed to improve the representation of agricultural areas and to allow a better planning of soil conservation practices. The ALS of the south region of Ceará State (Brazil) was assessed according to the FAO scheme and its initial adaptation to the Brazilian conditions; subsequently, this assessment was obtained by two adequations. Adequation I disregarded the limiting factor of water availability, while adequation II, besides disregarding the factor of water availability, established new limits for the classes of effective soil depth. The adequations resulted in an increase of 177.19 % in the areas with regular suitability for crops to the detriment of areas with restricted suitability for crops and areas with suitability only for pasture or grazing lands. The adequations increased the agricultural suitability in 41.26 % of the area of the mapping units, and 16.77 % of them were due to the modifications related to the effective soil depth, while the other 26.35 % were due to the changes related to water availability. The results related to water availability were equivalent to those observed through the dynamic analysis of land-use and cover associated with the rainfall, which demonstrated an increase in the areas for rainfed agriculture and a reduction in fallow and pasture areas in the years with rainfall within the climatic normality. The areas considered suitable for crop production with the adequation of the scheme may be included in soil conservation programs.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69748236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20230025
Selma Barbosa Bastos, F. Vezzani, Valentim da Silva, Marcelo Ricardo de Lima
The traditional paradigm of education, although outdated, still supports Soil Educational procedures in several Brazilian universities. However, the strategic documents of these institutions (Institutional Development Plan-IDP, Institutional Political Project-IPP and Pedagogical Projects of Courses-PPC's) support a critical vision of education, which converges with the emancipatory paradigm and with the purpose of Soil Education (SE), which is the formation and transformation of subjects for conscious actions in reality. To overcome this problem, we propose educational procedures guided by emancipatory principles for two disciplines related to the subject of soils in Higher Education (HE) in a traditional paradigm structure, with the objective of meeting the conception of education supported in the strategic documents of a Brazilian public university and achieving the purpose of SE. A bibliographical research and documental analysis of the strategic documents were carried out to form a theoretical and methodological base. In addition, emancipatory principles were considered in the elements that made up the educational procedures in SE. The proposal was analyzed and discussed based on the behavior of these principles in the structure of the disciplines. To verify how the proposal articulates with the conception of education defended by the university, the analysis started from the didactic-pedagogical aspects expressed in the IDP, IPP, PPC's and Teaching Plans of the disciplines involved in the research. We emphasize that it was possible to propose and apply educational procedures on soils with emancipatory principles within a traditional paradigm structure. Some principles were considered in essence, while others could not be considered or were only partially considered, showing that the traditional paradigm limits principles that go against its foundations. The proposal responded more to the concept of critical education defended in the strategic documents than the Soil Educational procedures with traditional principles elaborated and used by professors, since the proposal considered the student’s protagonism, the constitution of their autonomy, knowledge as relational, research as an educational principle, interculturality and procedural and continuous evaluation. On the other hand, procedures with traditional principles considered students as passive subjects, knowledge was seen as fragmented and their approach was made in an authoritarian way, disregarding students’ knowledge and the evaluation was quantitative. Furthermore, the convergence of educational intentionality between Education in Soils and education with emancipatory principles allows us to state that the emancipatory paradigm was an alternative to achieve the educational and formative purpose in educational processes on soils.
{"title":"Educational procedures guided by emancipatory principles for education on soils in higher education: A proposal","authors":"Selma Barbosa Bastos, F. Vezzani, Valentim da Silva, Marcelo Ricardo de Lima","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20230025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230025","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional paradigm of education, although outdated, still supports Soil Educational procedures in several Brazilian universities. However, the strategic documents of these institutions (Institutional Development Plan-IDP, Institutional Political Project-IPP and Pedagogical Projects of Courses-PPC's) support a critical vision of education, which converges with the emancipatory paradigm and with the purpose of Soil Education (SE), which is the formation and transformation of subjects for conscious actions in reality. To overcome this problem, we propose educational procedures guided by emancipatory principles for two disciplines related to the subject of soils in Higher Education (HE) in a traditional paradigm structure, with the objective of meeting the conception of education supported in the strategic documents of a Brazilian public university and achieving the purpose of SE. A bibliographical research and documental analysis of the strategic documents were carried out to form a theoretical and methodological base. In addition, emancipatory principles were considered in the elements that made up the educational procedures in SE. The proposal was analyzed and discussed based on the behavior of these principles in the structure of the disciplines. To verify how the proposal articulates with the conception of education defended by the university, the analysis started from the didactic-pedagogical aspects expressed in the IDP, IPP, PPC's and Teaching Plans of the disciplines involved in the research. We emphasize that it was possible to propose and apply educational procedures on soils with emancipatory principles within a traditional paradigm structure. Some principles were considered in essence, while others could not be considered or were only partially considered, showing that the traditional paradigm limits principles that go against its foundations. The proposal responded more to the concept of critical education defended in the strategic documents than the Soil Educational procedures with traditional principles elaborated and used by professors, since the proposal considered the student’s protagonism, the constitution of their autonomy, knowledge as relational, research as an educational principle, interculturality and procedural and continuous evaluation. On the other hand, procedures with traditional principles considered students as passive subjects, knowledge was seen as fragmented and their approach was made in an authoritarian way, disregarding students’ knowledge and the evaluation was quantitative. Furthermore, the convergence of educational intentionality between Education in Soils and education with emancipatory principles allows us to state that the emancipatory paradigm was an alternative to achieve the educational and formative purpose in educational processes on soils.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69748246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20230004
Olavo Betiol, D. Bolonhezi, Élcio Ríos Perez Leal, C. E. Gruener, M. D. Michelotto, C. Furlani, Fábio Fiori Ruiz
Conservation agriculture principles applied to peanut can reduce soil erosion and production costs when cultivated in rotation with sugarcane. Still, the problem with soil compaction is the leading cause of skepticism about the efficacy of this practice. This research aimed to study the effect of three soil management strategies compared with conventional for peanut cv. IAC-OL3, cultivated in rotation with sugarcane using the MEIOSI (method of intercropping occurring simultaneously) system for agronomic practices with additional analysis on changes in soil physics properties. The trial was conducted in 2019-2020 in Planalto municipality (São Paulo, Brazil) under a green-harvested sugarcane field, using a randomized complete block experimental design. The trial consisted of four soil management treatments (conventional tillage, minimum tillage with chisel, strip-tillage, and no-tillage) with five replications. Although no differences were verified in soil bulk density and porosity among treatments, the highest values of soil penetration resistance were observed in no-tillage treatment for all evaluations (before planting, at the beginning of flowering, and before and after harvesting) in comparison with conventional tillage. The difference in soil penetration resistance among the treatments diminished from planting to the end of the cycle. Furthermore, low soil disturbance and maximum covering with straw significantly increased the available water capacity and reduced the incidence and severity of groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) on peanut plants. Consequently, both minimum-tillage and no-tillage have increased the pod yield on average by 695 and 991 kg ha -1 more than strip-tillage and conventional tillage, respectively, without differences in terms of quality and pod losses.
{"title":"Conservation agriculture practices in a peanut cropping system: Effects on pod yield and soil penetration resistance","authors":"Olavo Betiol, D. Bolonhezi, Élcio Ríos Perez Leal, C. E. Gruener, M. D. Michelotto, C. Furlani, Fábio Fiori Ruiz","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20230004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230004","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation agriculture principles applied to peanut can reduce soil erosion and production costs when cultivated in rotation with sugarcane. Still, the problem with soil compaction is the leading cause of skepticism about the efficacy of this practice. This research aimed to study the effect of three soil management strategies compared with conventional for peanut cv. IAC-OL3, cultivated in rotation with sugarcane using the MEIOSI (method of intercropping occurring simultaneously) system for agronomic practices with additional analysis on changes in soil physics properties. The trial was conducted in 2019-2020 in Planalto municipality (São Paulo, Brazil) under a green-harvested sugarcane field, using a randomized complete block experimental design. The trial consisted of four soil management treatments (conventional tillage, minimum tillage with chisel, strip-tillage, and no-tillage) with five replications. Although no differences were verified in soil bulk density and porosity among treatments, the highest values of soil penetration resistance were observed in no-tillage treatment for all evaluations (before planting, at the beginning of flowering, and before and after harvesting) in comparison with conventional tillage. The difference in soil penetration resistance among the treatments diminished from planting to the end of the cycle. Furthermore, low soil disturbance and maximum covering with straw significantly increased the available water capacity and reduced the incidence and severity of groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) on peanut plants. Consequently, both minimum-tillage and no-tillage have increased the pod yield on average by 695 and 991 kg ha -1 more than strip-tillage and conventional tillage, respectively, without differences in terms of quality and pod losses.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69748092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20230007
T. Silva, Igor de Sousa Morais, Gilsonley Lopes dos Santos, E. Zonta, L. Pinto, H. S. Fagundes, M. G. Pereira
Sandy texture soils have a great expression in agricultural areas worldwide. In the Baixada Fluminense, soils with a sandy texture on the surface horizons are striking, and a good part of these areas is destined for producing vegetables using conventional cultivation methods. The sandy texture is one of the great challenges for agriculture due to the low water retention capacity provided to the soil, the rapid decomposition of organic matter, and the intense loss of nutrients by leaching. In these areas, the action of erosive processes is sometimes observed, whether water or wind erosion. The practices carried out in conventional agriculture can accentuate these processes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different soil management systems, with different vegetation covers, on the pathways of aggregate formation, the nutrient contents contained therein, and the organic matter fractions, with the objective of using these properties as indicators of soil quality. The study was carried out in an organic production unit, with no-till system (NT) and conventional system (CT), three vegetal covers were evaluated, namely; seed cocktail 1 (C1) (Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea) (20 kg ha -1 ), Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) (150 kg ha -1 ) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (60 kg ha -1 )), and seed cocktail 2 (C2) (with 50 % of the amount of seeds used in C1), and spontaneous plants (S. P). Undisturbed samples were collected at the layers of 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m, and, from these samples, aggregates with a diameter between 9.7 and 8.0 mm were classified according to the formation route (Biogenic or Physicogenic). From these, the chemical properties were quantified (pH, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , P, Na + , K + ), and also the carbon fractions (total organic carbon – TOC, mineral-associated organic carbon – MAOC), particulate organic carbon – POC, and free light fraction carbon – LFC). Based on the results, it was verified that the percentage of biogenic aggregates was higher than the physicogenic one in the layer of 0.00-0.05 m, not being verified influences of the vegetal coverage or the management system. Chemical properties did not differ significantly between training pathways. The CT, for the most part, was the system in which the highest values of chemical properties were observed, and in general, the C2 and S.P coatings were the ones that provided the greatest improvements for chemical properties and carbon content.
沙质质地土壤在世界范围内的农业地区普遍存在。在Baixada Fluminense，土壤表面的沙质质地非常引人注目，这些地区的很大一部分注定要用传统的种植方法生产蔬菜。沙质结构是农业面临的巨大挑战之一，因为提供给土壤的低保水能力，有机物的快速分解，以及淋滤造成的大量养分损失。在这些地区，有时可以观察到侵蚀过程的作用，无论是水蚀还是风蚀。在传统农业中进行的实践可以强调这些过程。本研究旨在评价不同植被覆盖下不同土壤管理制度对团聚体形成途径、团聚体中养分含量和有机质组分的影响，并将这些特性作为土壤质量的指标。以某有机生产单元为研究对象，采用免耕系统(NT)和常规系统(CT)，对3种植被覆盖度进行评价;混合种子1 (C1) (Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea) (20 kg ha -1)， Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) (150 kg ha -1)和谷子(Pennisetum glaucum) (60 kg ha -1))，混合种子2 (C2) (C1中使用的种子量的50%)和自发植物(S. P)。在0.00-0.05和0.05-0.10 m层收集未受干扰的样本，从这些样本中，粒径在9.7 ~ 8.0 mm之间的团聚体按形成途径分为生物成因和物理成因。由此，定量了化学性质(pH, ca2 +， mg2 +， al3 +， P, Na +， K +)和碳组分(总有机碳- TOC，矿物伴生有机碳- MAOC)，颗粒有机碳- POC和游离轻组分碳- LFC)。在此基础上，验证了在0.00m ~ 0.05 m层生物源性团聚体百分比高于物理源性团聚体百分比，未验证植被覆盖度和管理制度的影响。化学性质在不同的训练途径之间没有显著差异。在大多数情况下，CT是化学性能值最高的体系，总的来说，C2和S.P涂层是化学性能和碳含量改善最大的涂层。
{"title":"Biogenic and physicogenic aggregates as indicators of quality in soils with sandy texture in areas of organic agriculture","authors":"T. Silva, Igor de Sousa Morais, Gilsonley Lopes dos Santos, E. Zonta, L. Pinto, H. S. Fagundes, M. G. Pereira","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20230007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230007","url":null,"abstract":"Sandy texture soils have a great expression in agricultural areas worldwide. In the Baixada Fluminense, soils with a sandy texture on the surface horizons are striking, and a good part of these areas is destined for producing vegetables using conventional cultivation methods. The sandy texture is one of the great challenges for agriculture due to the low water retention capacity provided to the soil, the rapid decomposition of organic matter, and the intense loss of nutrients by leaching. In these areas, the action of erosive processes is sometimes observed, whether water or wind erosion. The practices carried out in conventional agriculture can accentuate these processes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different soil management systems, with different vegetation covers, on the pathways of aggregate formation, the nutrient contents contained therein, and the organic matter fractions, with the objective of using these properties as indicators of soil quality. The study was carried out in an organic production unit, with no-till system (NT) and conventional system (CT), three vegetal covers were evaluated, namely; seed cocktail 1 (C1) (Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea) (20 kg ha -1 ), Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) (150 kg ha -1 ) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (60 kg ha -1 )), and seed cocktail 2 (C2) (with 50 % of the amount of seeds used in C1), and spontaneous plants (S. P). Undisturbed samples were collected at the layers of 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m, and, from these samples, aggregates with a diameter between 9.7 and 8.0 mm were classified according to the formation route (Biogenic or Physicogenic). From these, the chemical properties were quantified (pH, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , P, Na + , K + ), and also the carbon fractions (total organic carbon – TOC, mineral-associated organic carbon – MAOC), particulate organic carbon – POC, and free light fraction carbon – LFC). Based on the results, it was verified that the percentage of biogenic aggregates was higher than the physicogenic one in the layer of 0.00-0.05 m, not being verified influences of the vegetal coverage or the management system. Chemical properties did not differ significantly between training pathways. The CT, for the most part, was the system in which the highest values of chemical properties were observed, and in general, the C2 and S.P coatings were the ones that provided the greatest improvements for chemical properties and carbon content.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69748214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20230014
Maísa Quintiliano Alves, I. Assis, Fernanda Zeidan Oliveira, J. Neves, R. Stewart
Large-scale mining operations, such as those associated with iron extraction, disturb soils and vegetation and create the need for effective rehabilitation practices. The Iron Quadrangle region of southeastern Brazil is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots; however, iron mining activities threaten many natural and seminatural ecosystem types in which many rare/protected species occur. The Iron Quadrangle has four main ecosystem types: Atlantic Forest (AF), ferruginous rupestrian grassland with dense vegetation (FRG-D); ferruginous rupestrian grassland with sparse vegetation (FRG-S); and quartzite rupestrian grassland (QRG). To support rehabilitation and monitoring plans, we evaluated reference areas and identified soil and vegetative attributes that best differentiated between these four ecosystems. We measured thirty-four physical, chemical, and biological soil properties and two vegetation parameters and, using a multivariate analysis, detected: 1) correlations between properties and 2) differences between areas. We identified twelve properties that best differentiated the areas (in order from most to least relevant): nickel content; exchangeable aluminum; clay content; above-ground vegetation volume; aluminum saturation; particle density; bulk density; arsenic content; zinc content; lead content, fine sand plus silt content; and fine sand content. Soil physicochemical properties proved to be more sensitive to differences in ecosystem type, and in particular, parameters related to fertility and the presence of metals and semi-metals differentiated the AF from the FRG-D and FRG-S. Soil physical properties, including fine sand and silt content, were most important for differentiating QRG from the other ecosystems, possibly resulting from the exposure of quartzite material to erosive processes. This study demonstrates the importance of identifying appropriate reference areas for post-mining reclamation.
{"title":"Identifying appropriate reference ecosystems based on soil indicators to evaluate postmining reclamation: A multivariate framework","authors":"Maísa Quintiliano Alves, I. Assis, Fernanda Zeidan Oliveira, J. Neves, R. Stewart","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20230014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230014","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale mining operations, such as those associated with iron extraction, disturb soils and vegetation and create the need for effective rehabilitation practices. The Iron Quadrangle region of southeastern Brazil is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots; however, iron mining activities threaten many natural and seminatural ecosystem types in which many rare/protected species occur. The Iron Quadrangle has four main ecosystem types: Atlantic Forest (AF), ferruginous rupestrian grassland with dense vegetation (FRG-D); ferruginous rupestrian grassland with sparse vegetation (FRG-S); and quartzite rupestrian grassland (QRG). To support rehabilitation and monitoring plans, we evaluated reference areas and identified soil and vegetative attributes that best differentiated between these four ecosystems. We measured thirty-four physical, chemical, and biological soil properties and two vegetation parameters and, using a multivariate analysis, detected: 1) correlations between properties and 2) differences between areas. We identified twelve properties that best differentiated the areas (in order from most to least relevant): nickel content; exchangeable aluminum; clay content; above-ground vegetation volume; aluminum saturation; particle density; bulk density; arsenic content; zinc content; lead content, fine sand plus silt content; and fine sand content. Soil physicochemical properties proved to be more sensitive to differences in ecosystem type, and in particular, parameters related to fertility and the presence of metals and semi-metals differentiated the AF from the FRG-D and FRG-S. Soil physical properties, including fine sand and silt content, were most important for differentiating QRG from the other ecosystems, possibly resulting from the exposure of quartzite material to erosive processes. This study demonstrates the importance of identifying appropriate reference areas for post-mining reclamation.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69747925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20230006
I. Batista, D. L. Machado, M. Correia, Maria Helena Moraes Spinelli, J. Corá
Soil macrofauna is an important indicator of soil quality, as it is sensitive to changes in the environment as a result of soil management, which includes soil chemical and physical properties and the diversity of cultivated species. This study aimed to evaluate the composition and structure of soil macrofauna under a no-tillage system in different crop sequences, with and without crop rotation, over two growing seasons: a rainy summer and a dry winter. The crop sequences were soybean/corn rotation in the summer and corn in the winter; soybean/corn rotation in the summer and sunn hemp in the winter; soybean monoculture in the summer and sunn hemp in the winter; and corn monoculture in the summer and corn monoculture in the winter growing season. The nutrient content of the crop residues left on the soil surface, soil chemical and physical properties, and soil macrofauna were determined. Functional plant groups (grasses or legumes) individually influenced the composition of soil macrofauna more significantly than the effect of crop sequence, with or without rotation, and growing season. Grasses favored an increased density of groups such as Oligochaeta, Isoptera, and Formicidae. In contrast, legumes contributed to the variation in the total density of individuals and Diplura and Coleoptera groups. Furthermore, the influence of functional plant groups (grasses or legumes) on the composition and density of soil macrofauna were related to soil chemical (P and N content) and physical properties (particulate organic carbon and soil moisture), which determined the composition of soil macrofauna groups.
{"title":"Soil macrofauna correlations with soil chemical and physical properties and crop sequences under no-tillage","authors":"I. Batista, D. L. Machado, M. Correia, Maria Helena Moraes Spinelli, J. Corá","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20230006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230006","url":null,"abstract":"Soil macrofauna is an important indicator of soil quality, as it is sensitive to changes in the environment as a result of soil management, which includes soil chemical and physical properties and the diversity of cultivated species. This study aimed to evaluate the composition and structure of soil macrofauna under a no-tillage system in different crop sequences, with and without crop rotation, over two growing seasons: a rainy summer and a dry winter. The crop sequences were soybean/corn rotation in the summer and corn in the winter; soybean/corn rotation in the summer and sunn hemp in the winter; soybean monoculture in the summer and sunn hemp in the winter; and corn monoculture in the summer and corn monoculture in the winter growing season. The nutrient content of the crop residues left on the soil surface, soil chemical and physical properties, and soil macrofauna were determined. Functional plant groups (grasses or legumes) individually influenced the composition of soil macrofauna more significantly than the effect of crop sequence, with or without rotation, and growing season. Grasses favored an increased density of groups such as Oligochaeta, Isoptera, and Formicidae. In contrast, legumes contributed to the variation in the total density of individuals and Diplura and Coleoptera groups. Furthermore, the influence of functional plant groups (grasses or legumes) on the composition and density of soil macrofauna were related to soil chemical (P and N content) and physical properties (particulate organic carbon and soil moisture), which determined the composition of soil macrofauna groups.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69748174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220103
Bruna Emanuele Schiebelbein, R. Bordonal, C. Cerri, D. Oliveira, M. Cherubin
To meet the growing demand for bioenergy such as ethanol, the area cultivated with sugarcane has expanded, especially in areas currently occupied by extensive pastures with low productivity. However, land-use change (LUC) from pasture to sugarcane implies changes in soil structure and variations in organic matter (SOM) stored in the soil. This study aimed to quantify the impact of LUC on organic matter fractions – particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) – in soils with contrasting textures, and to explore the correlations between possible alterations in soil aggregation and the effects on carbon (C) stocks and SOM fractions. The study was conducted in two areas in Central-Southern Brazil, one with clayey soil and the other with sandy soil. In each area, a LUC chronosequence was evaluated: native vegetation (NV), pasture (PA), short-term sugarcane (SC1), the area analyzed during the sugarcane plant cycle; long-term sugarcane (SC2), area analyzed during the ratoon sugarcane cycle. In each use, undisturbed and disturbed samples were collected and macroaggregates and microaggregates were obtained by wet sieving and soil samples. In these samples, the physical fractionation of the SOM and the calculation of the C contained in each fraction of the SOM and C total stock of each use were performed. The conversion of NV to PA increased C stocks by more than 50 %, mainly in the MAOM fraction, and maintenance of macroaggregates (more than 80 %) in sandy site; and reduction of C stocks by more than 30 %, mainly MAOM in the clayey area. These benefits acquired from grazing on sandy area were lost with the expansion of sugarcane, a reduction of more than 20 % in macroagregation and C stocks. The sugarcane expansion into pasture with clayey site resulted in C accumulation (more than 2 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 ) and recovery of stocks on a SC2 basis. Expanding sugarcane areas into low-productivity pasture areas can be considered a sustainable strategy, especially in clayey soils, in which multiple gains occur through C sequestration and improved soil quality, as well as the reduction of CO 2 emissions through the diversification of the energy matrix with the production of ethanol.
为了满足对乙醇等生物能源日益增长的需求，甘蔗种植面积已经扩大，特别是在目前被粗放型低生产力牧场占据的地区。然而，从牧场到甘蔗的土地利用变化(LUC)意味着土壤结构的变化和土壤有机质(SOM)的变化。本研究旨在量化土地利用对不同质地土壤中有机质组分-颗粒有机质(POM)和矿物相关有机质(MAOM)的影响，并探讨土壤团聚体的可能变化与碳(C)储量和有机质组分的影响之间的相关性。该研究在巴西中南部的两个地区进行，一个是粘土土，另一个是沙土。每个区域的LUC时序分析为:原生植被(NV) -草地(PA) -短期甘蔗(SC1) -甘蔗植物周期分析区域;长期甘蔗(SC2)，面积分析在再生甘蔗周期。在每次使用中，收集未扰动和扰动的样品，并通过湿筛和土壤样品获得大团聚体和微团聚体。在这些样品中，对SOM进行了物理分馏，并计算了SOM每个馏分中所含的C和每种用途的C总存量。NV向PA的转化增加了50%以上的碳储量，主要是在MAOM部分，并维持了沙质场地的大团聚体(80%以上);碳储量减少30%以上，主要是粘土区的MAOM。这些从沙地放牧中获得的收益随着甘蔗种植的扩大而丧失，大聚集体和碳储量减少了20%以上。甘蔗扩展到具有粘土场地的牧场，导致碳积累(超过2 Mg C / ha -1年-1)和种群在SC2基础上的恢复。将甘蔗种植面积扩大到低生产力的牧场地区可以被认为是一种可持续的战略，特别是在粘土土壤中，通过碳封存和改善土壤质量，以及通过生产乙醇使能源基质多样化来减少二氧化碳排放，可以获得多重收益。
{"title":"Mineral-associated and particulate organic matter in aggregates as a proxy for soil C changes in pasturesugarcane land use transitions","authors":"Bruna Emanuele Schiebelbein, R. Bordonal, C. Cerri, D. Oliveira, M. Cherubin","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220103","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the growing demand for bioenergy such as ethanol, the area cultivated with sugarcane has expanded, especially in areas currently occupied by extensive pastures with low productivity. However, land-use change (LUC) from pasture to sugarcane implies changes in soil structure and variations in organic matter (SOM) stored in the soil. This study aimed to quantify the impact of LUC on organic matter fractions – particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) – in soils with contrasting textures, and to explore the correlations between possible alterations in soil aggregation and the effects on carbon (C) stocks and SOM fractions. The study was conducted in two areas in Central-Southern Brazil, one with clayey soil and the other with sandy soil. In each area, a LUC chronosequence was evaluated: native vegetation (NV), pasture (PA), short-term sugarcane (SC1), the area analyzed during the sugarcane plant cycle; long-term sugarcane (SC2), area analyzed during the ratoon sugarcane cycle. In each use, undisturbed and disturbed samples were collected and macroaggregates and microaggregates were obtained by wet sieving and soil samples. In these samples, the physical fractionation of the SOM and the calculation of the C contained in each fraction of the SOM and C total stock of each use were performed. The conversion of NV to PA increased C stocks by more than 50 %, mainly in the MAOM fraction, and maintenance of macroaggregates (more than 80 %) in sandy site; and reduction of C stocks by more than 30 %, mainly MAOM in the clayey area. These benefits acquired from grazing on sandy area were lost with the expansion of sugarcane, a reduction of more than 20 % in macroagregation and C stocks. The sugarcane expansion into pasture with clayey site resulted in C accumulation (more than 2 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 ) and recovery of stocks on a SC2 basis. Expanding sugarcane areas into low-productivity pasture areas can be considered a sustainable strategy, especially in clayey soils, in which multiple gains occur through C sequestration and improved soil quality, as well as the reduction of CO 2 emissions through the diversification of the energy matrix with the production of ethanol.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69746365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220138
S. Arcoverde, C. H. Kurihara, L. A. Staut, M. Tomazi, A. M. M. Pires, C. J. D. Silva
Conservation management practices with minimum soil mobilization, maintenance of amounts of straw in the soil, and chiseling of ratoons interrows can be beneficial to soil quality, nutrition and sugarcane yield; however, the combination of these practices and their influence over the culture cycle should be better understood. This study aimed to assess the effects of levels of remaining straw and chiseling in the cultivation of ratoons on soil fertility, nutritional status and yield of stalks and sugar in one sugarcane cycle (five ratoons), under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. The study was performed in Dourados municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in areas with a Oxisol (Latossolo) with very clayey texture. Design in randomized blocks was adopted, with four repetitions, in a subdivided portions scheme. Portions were composed of levels of remaining straw (0, 50 and 100 %), annually, and collected alternately in odd years (0I) and even years (0P) established after the plant harvest; sub-portions were composed of systems with and without chiseling. In the fourth ratoon, leaf diagnosis was made with quantification of macro-nutrient contents, and during the fifth ratoon soil samples were collected for chemical analyses. By the end of the cycle, accumulated yields of stalks and sugar were determined. In both management systems, keeping 100 % of straw improved soil fertility and kept higher yield levels in one sugarcane cultivation cycle, while chiseling did not influence soil fertility, nutrition and sugarcane yield. The use of no-tillage farming for sugarcane cultivation proved to be feasible in corrected environments, and did not reduce stalk and sugarcane yield. Straw removal influenced nutrient leaf contents, regardless of soil management.
{"title":"Soil fertility, nutritional status, and sugarcane yield under two systems of soil management, levels of remaining straw and chiseling of ratoons","authors":"S. Arcoverde, C. H. Kurihara, L. A. Staut, M. Tomazi, A. M. M. Pires, C. J. D. Silva","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220138","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation management practices with minimum soil mobilization, maintenance of amounts of straw in the soil, and chiseling of ratoons interrows can be beneficial to soil quality, nutrition and sugarcane yield; however, the combination of these practices and their influence over the culture cycle should be better understood. This study aimed to assess the effects of levels of remaining straw and chiseling in the cultivation of ratoons on soil fertility, nutritional status and yield of stalks and sugar in one sugarcane cycle (five ratoons), under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. The study was performed in Dourados municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in areas with a Oxisol (Latossolo) with very clayey texture. Design in randomized blocks was adopted, with four repetitions, in a subdivided portions scheme. Portions were composed of levels of remaining straw (0, 50 and 100 %), annually, and collected alternately in odd years (0I) and even years (0P) established after the plant harvest; sub-portions were composed of systems with and without chiseling. In the fourth ratoon, leaf diagnosis was made with quantification of macro-nutrient contents, and during the fifth ratoon soil samples were collected for chemical analyses. By the end of the cycle, accumulated yields of stalks and sugar were determined. In both management systems, keeping 100 % of straw improved soil fertility and kept higher yield levels in one sugarcane cultivation cycle, while chiseling did not influence soil fertility, nutrition and sugarcane yield. The use of no-tillage farming for sugarcane cultivation proved to be feasible in corrected environments, and did not reduce stalk and sugarcane yield. Straw removal influenced nutrient leaf contents, regardless of soil management.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69747664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220107
Francisco Weliton Rocha Silva, José Zilton Lopes Santos
Aluminum (Al) is an important abiotic stress factor constricting the production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in acid soil conditions. This study investigated the effect of Al and pH levels on the photosynthesis, proline accumulation, and nutritional status of two cowpea cultivars. Two pot experiments under greenhouse conditions were performed concurrently. Each experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme 2 × 3 +1, in which each cultivar was exposed to two levels of Al (0.0 and 1.0 mmol L -1 ) and three levels of pH (3.3; 4.0, and 4.7), plus a control. There was an interaction effect of the factors Al and pH reducing significantly the internal CO 2 concentration (Ci) for BRS Caldeirão, and transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) for BRS Tracuateua, notably under growth conditions with Al (1 mmol L -1 ) and pH value of 4.7. For BRS Caldeirão, proline content was significantly reduced by the isolated effect of the factors Al and pH on shoot tissue. For BRS Tracuateua, proline content was significant only in roots, indicating a metabolic response to water stress damage. Under growth conditions with Al and pH value of 3.3, there was an improvement in nutrient uptake and accumulation according to nutritional status of both cultivars. In summary, cowpea response pointed that physiological, biochemical, and nutritional aspects of both cultivars improved at the lowest pH of 3.3 under Al-stress, and also that cv. BRS Tracuteua was less tolerant than BRS Caldeirão.
{"title":"Response of cowpea plants submitted to acid conditions: Aluminum and hydrogen stress","authors":"Francisco Weliton Rocha Silva, José Zilton Lopes Santos","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220107","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum (Al) is an important abiotic stress factor constricting the production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in acid soil conditions. This study investigated the effect of Al and pH levels on the photosynthesis, proline accumulation, and nutritional status of two cowpea cultivars. Two pot experiments under greenhouse conditions were performed concurrently. Each experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme 2 × 3 +1, in which each cultivar was exposed to two levels of Al (0.0 and 1.0 mmol L -1 ) and three levels of pH (3.3; 4.0, and 4.7), plus a control. There was an interaction effect of the factors Al and pH reducing significantly the internal CO 2 concentration (Ci) for BRS Caldeirão, and transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) for BRS Tracuateua, notably under growth conditions with Al (1 mmol L -1 ) and pH value of 4.7. For BRS Caldeirão, proline content was significantly reduced by the isolated effect of the factors Al and pH on shoot tissue. For BRS Tracuateua, proline content was significant only in roots, indicating a metabolic response to water stress damage. Under growth conditions with Al and pH value of 3.3, there was an improvement in nutrient uptake and accumulation according to nutritional status of both cultivars. In summary, cowpea response pointed that physiological, biochemical, and nutritional aspects of both cultivars improved at the lowest pH of 3.3 under Al-stress, and also that cv. BRS Tracuteua was less tolerant than BRS Caldeirão.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69746379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220150
Cidimar Cassol, P. C. Conceição, Caroline Amadori, Maiara Karini Haskel, Leandro Alves de Freitas, Angela Regina Tomazoni
One of the pillars of a no-tillage system is the addition of adequate amounts of residue to keep the soil continuously covered. Cover crops are a tool for supplying the demand for the permanence of residues on the soil surface and releasing nutrients to the soil. However, there is no index that relates these two factors and can reconcile the maximum permanence of crop residues in the soil with the maximum N supply via N mineralization of such residues. This study aimed to assess the effect of different cover crops on the decomposition rate of residues and N release, using the residual biomass quality index (RBQI) to evaluate cover crop systems. The study was conducted in a long-term experiment in a Latossolo Vermelho (Ferralsol, Oxisol) under no-tillage in the two agricultural years 2017/18 and 2018/19. The experiment was in a split-plot factorial scheme with eight winter cover crops and three N rates in randomized blocks with three replications. The cover crop systems were black oat (O), common vetch (V), forage radish (R), white lupine, rye, annual ryegrass, oat + vetch (O+V), and oat + vetch + radish (O+V+R). The N rates applied to the corn in succession were 0, 90, and 180 kg ha -1 . The decomposition rate, remaining dry mass (RDM) on the soil surface, N release rate, and N accumulated release (NAR) were assessed using litterbags. Considering NAR and RDM evaluated for up to 105 days, the N release index (NRI) and remaining dry mass index (RDMI) were determined, and the residual biomass quality index (RBQI) was obtained using the product of these variables. The consortia O+V+R and O+V resulted in a decomposition rate and N release rate closer to the rates observed for oats and rye. The NAR was similar to that observed for Fabaceae species, and the RDM was similar or superior to that found for black oat. With these characteristics, the systems in the O+V+R and O+V consortia presented the highest values of RBQI, ranging from 0.61 to 0.90, indicating that RBQI is a potential indicator for choosing cover crop systems that promote greater sustainability of the no-tillage system. The use of N fertilizer in corn did not change the rates of decomposition and N release from the residues of cover crops.
免耕系统的支柱之一是添加足量的残留物以保持土壤连续覆盖。覆盖作物是满足土壤表面残留物持久性需求和向土壤释放养分的一种工具。然而，目前还没有一个指标可以将这两个因素联系起来，并能将作物残茬在土壤中的最大持久性与残茬通过N矿化提供的最大N量协调起来。本研究旨在利用剩余生物量质量指数(RBQI)评价不同覆盖作物对土壤残茬分解速率和氮素释放的影响。本研究于2017/18和2018/19两个农业年度在免耕条件下对Latossolo Vermelho (Ferralsol, Oxisol)进行长期试验。试验采用分割区析因方案，采用8种冬季覆盖作物和3种氮素水平，随机分组，3个重复。覆盖作物体系为黑燕麦(O)、野豌豆(V)、饲用萝卜(R)、白羽扇豆、黑麦、一年生黑麦草、燕麦+野豌豆(O+V)、燕麦+野豌豆+萝卜(O+V+R)。玉米连续施氮量分别为0、90和180 kg ha -1。利用凋落物袋评价凋落物的分解速率、土壤表面剩余干质量(RDM)、N释放速率和N累积释放量(NAR)。结合105 d的NAR和RDM评价，确定N释放指数(NRI)和剩余干质量指数(RDMI)，并利用这两个变量的乘积得到剩余生物量质量指数(RBQI)。O+V+R和O+V组合的分解速率和N释放速率接近燕麦和黑麦。其NAR值与豆科植物相似，RDM值与黑燕麦相似或优于黑燕麦。基于这些特征，O+V+R和O+V组合的RBQI值最高，介于0.61 ~ 0.90之间，表明RBQI可以作为选择覆盖作物制度的潜在指标，促进免耕制度的可持续性。玉米施氮对覆盖作物秸秆的分解速率和氮素释放速率没有影响。
{"title":"Residual biomass quality index: a tool for conservation agriculture","authors":"Cidimar Cassol, P. C. Conceição, Caroline Amadori, Maiara Karini Haskel, Leandro Alves de Freitas, Angela Regina Tomazoni","doi":"10.36783/18069657rbcs20220150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220150","url":null,"abstract":"One of the pillars of a no-tillage system is the addition of adequate amounts of residue to keep the soil continuously covered. Cover crops are a tool for supplying the demand for the permanence of residues on the soil surface and releasing nutrients to the soil. However, there is no index that relates these two factors and can reconcile the maximum permanence of crop residues in the soil with the maximum N supply via N mineralization of such residues. This study aimed to assess the effect of different cover crops on the decomposition rate of residues and N release, using the residual biomass quality index (RBQI) to evaluate cover crop systems. The study was conducted in a long-term experiment in a Latossolo Vermelho (Ferralsol, Oxisol) under no-tillage in the two agricultural years 2017/18 and 2018/19. The experiment was in a split-plot factorial scheme with eight winter cover crops and three N rates in randomized blocks with three replications. The cover crop systems were black oat (O), common vetch (V), forage radish (R), white lupine, rye, annual ryegrass, oat + vetch (O+V), and oat + vetch + radish (O+V+R). The N rates applied to the corn in succession were 0, 90, and 180 kg ha -1 . The decomposition rate, remaining dry mass (RDM) on the soil surface, N release rate, and N accumulated release (NAR) were assessed using litterbags. Considering NAR and RDM evaluated for up to 105 days, the N release index (NRI) and remaining dry mass index (RDMI) were determined, and the residual biomass quality index (RBQI) was obtained using the product of these variables. The consortia O+V+R and O+V resulted in a decomposition rate and N release rate closer to the rates observed for oats and rye. The NAR was similar to that observed for Fabaceae species, and the RDM was similar or superior to that found for black oat. With these characteristics, the systems in the O+V+R and O+V consortia presented the highest values of RBQI, ranging from 0.61 to 0.90, indicating that RBQI is a potential indicator for choosing cover crop systems that promote greater sustainability of the no-tillage system. The use of N fertilizer in corn did not change the rates of decomposition and N release from the residues of cover crops.","PeriodicalId":21215,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69747988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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