Evaluation of the impact of Covid-19 infection on the evolution and prognosis of patients with acute leukaemia

Abstract

Abstract Introduciton: COVID19 is one of the largest pandemics. Since December 2019 until now the coronavirus has infected over 131 million people. The mortality rate in the general population varies between 1 to 5%, with a potential of over 30% in patients with neoplasms. Methods: The main objective of the study was to identify some peculiarities of the evolution, complications and treatment of patients with acute leukaemia and COVID-19. The study was retrospective and included 50 patients with acute leukaemia and COVID-19. Results: Recent administration of chemotherapy was identified in 20 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia and 4 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The newly diagnosed patients or those undergoing intensive chemotherapy, in particular elderly patients, had a severe form of COVID-19 and an unfavourable evolution, and these clinical situations were identified as predictive factors for adverse outcomes. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had a shorter survival curve compared to patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. Pneumonia was present especially in patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia, most patients having over 30% of lung fields affected (55.26%). Patients with an unfavourable outcome had significantly increased median values of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and interleukin6. Conclusions: Patients with acute leukaemia, especially acute myeloblastic leukaemia who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 infection require special attention because they may associate complications and adverse outcomes of COVID-19. The results we obtained require evaluation in a larger group of patients and analysis in the follow-up period after COVID-19.