{"title":"The <i>in vitro</i> anti-<i>Leishmania</i> Effect of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Extract on Promastigotes and Amastigotes of <i>Leishmania major</i> and <i>Leishmania tropica</i>","authors":"Jasem Saki, Elaheh Biranvand, Reza Arjmand","doi":"10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.53825","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recently, the use of pentavalent antimony compounds for <i>Leishmaniasis</i> treatment has been associated with disease recurrence, drug resistance, and severe side effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative treatment strategies. This study investigates the <i>in vitro</i> effects of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> on promastigotes and amastigotes of <i>Leishmania major</i> and <i>Leishmania tropica</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Promastigotes and amastigotes of <i>Leishmania major</i> and <i>Leishmania tropica</i> were cultured and mass-produced in an RPMI1640 medium enriched with other necessary compounds. The MTT colorimetric method and calculating the IC50 value were used to evaluate the anti-leishmania activity of hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Zingiber officinale</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> inhibited the growth of <i>Leishmania major</i> and <i>Leishmania tropica</i> promastigotes in 24, 48, and 72 hours after <i>in vitro</i> incubation. The IC50 of hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> was 56 μg/mL for <i>Leishmania major</i> and 275 μg/mL for <i>Leishmania tropica</i> promastigotes after 72 hours. The IC50 of hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> was 75 μg/mL for <i>Leishmania major</i> and 325 μg/mL for <i>Leishmania tropica</i> amastigotes after 72 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> has cytotoxicity properties, and <i>Leishmania tropica</i> has a higher resistance to hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> than <i>Leishmania major</i>. Further research is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":49976,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical & Computational Chemistry","volume":"07 1","pages":"91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Theoretical & Computational Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.53825","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Computer Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Abstract
Objective: Recently, the use of pentavalent antimony compounds for Leishmaniasis treatment has been associated with disease recurrence, drug resistance, and severe side effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative treatment strategies. This study investigates the in vitro effects of Zingiber officinale on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica.
Methods: Promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica were cultured and mass-produced in an RPMI1640 medium enriched with other necessary compounds. The MTT colorimetric method and calculating the IC50 value were used to evaluate the anti-leishmania activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale.
Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale inhibited the growth of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica promastigotes in 24, 48, and 72 hours after in vitro incubation. The IC50 of hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale was 56 μg/mL for Leishmania major and 275 μg/mL for Leishmania tropica promastigotes after 72 hours. The IC50 of hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale was 75 μg/mL for Leishmania major and 325 μg/mL for Leishmania tropica amastigotes after 72 hours.
Conclusion: The results showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale has cytotoxicity properties, and Leishmania tropica has a higher resistance to hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale than Leishmania major. Further research is recommended.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (JTCC) is an international interdisciplinary journal aimed at providing comprehensive coverage on the latest developments and applications of research in the ever-expanding field of theoretical and computational chemistry.
JTCC publishes regular articles and reviews on new methodology, software, web server and database developments. The applications of existing theoretical and computational methods which produce significant new insights into important problems are also welcomed. Papers reporting joint computational and experimental investigations are encouraged. The journal will not consider manuscripts reporting straightforward calculations of the properties of molecules with existing software packages without addressing a significant scientific problem.
Areas covered by the journal include molecular dynamics, computer-aided molecular design, modeling effects of mutation on stability and dynamics of macromolecules, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and other related topics.
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