Dementia Diagnosis and Alternate Treatment: A Recent Update on Treatment Options

Abstract

Dementia is a global health burden identified by the World Health Organization in its global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025. Our study aims to determine the efficacy of treatment options in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). The initiation of dementia treatment has consistently posed a significant dilemma for healthcare professionals, necessitating careful consideration when selecting the appropriate group of medications to commence therapy, considering the specific type of treatment required. To conduct our study, we searched PubMed Central and the Cochrane database to identify comparative trials that compared different dementia treatment options. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment approaches across different types of dementia. In total, we reviewed over 40 papers that provided valuable insights into the comparative outcomes of these treatment options. In our analysis, we have found mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction (MMSE 19 to 26) and newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease can be treated with a trial of Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil, Galantamine, and Rivastigmine); choice can be based on clinician and/or patient preference, as efficacy is similar. Moderate to advanced dementia (MMSE 10 to 18): Memantine (10 mg twice daily) is a suggested option with Cholinesterase inhibitors. In conclusion, it is evident that the available options for dementia medication are inherently limited, while the resources allocated to evaluate further treatment alternatives remain constrained. As a result, there is an urgent need to prioritize additional research and comprehensive assessment in this field.