Background: The medical procedure known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can save a person's life after a heart attack. Additionally, it is done to manually preserve full brain function while additional measures are taken to recover spontaneous breathing and normal unprompted blood circulation in cardiac arrest.
Methods: The study's goal was to assess the knowledge and practice of basic life support among health workers in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality, Central Region of Ghana. The study used cross-sectional design. The study respondents were chosen using a simple random sampling method which included 322 nurses, doctors, physician assistants and midwives working in the Municipality. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analysed with SPSS version 25 and summarized using frequencies and percentages. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine associations at a 5% significance level. Results: The study found that while all health care workers had heard about BLS, they only had an average of 68.9 percent understanding of basic life support and just 16.5 percent had practiced CPR before. Also, there was significant association between sociodemographic characteristics (sex, grade, educational level, department and work experience) of the health workers and the practice of basic life support (p-value=<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concludes that if health workers are given more training and support, the knowledge and practice of basic life support would be increased in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality.
{"title":"Knowledge and Practice of Basic Life Support among Health Workers in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality of Ghana","authors":"Philip Gyaase, Emmanuel Boateng Acheampong, Isaiah Adu-Gyamfi, Bridget Armah, Gifty Delali Amewolah, Emmanuel Owusu Adueming","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11944","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The medical procedure known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can save a person's life after a heart attack. Additionally, it is done to manually preserve full brain function while additional measures are taken to recover spontaneous breathing and normal unprompted blood circulation in cardiac arrest.
 Methods: The study's goal was to assess the knowledge and practice of basic life support among health workers in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality, Central Region of Ghana. The study used cross-sectional design. The study respondents were chosen using a simple random sampling method which included 322 nurses, doctors, physician assistants and midwives working in the Municipality. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analysed with SPSS version 25 and summarized using frequencies and percentages. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine associations at a 5% significance level. Results: The study found that while all health care workers had heard about BLS, they only had an average of 68.9 percent understanding of basic life support and just 16.5 percent had practiced CPR before. Also, there was significant association between sociodemographic characteristics (sex, grade, educational level, department and work experience) of the health workers and the practice of basic life support (p-value=<0.001).
 Conclusion: The study concludes that if health workers are given more training and support, the knowledge and practice of basic life support would be increased in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"55 39","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11945
M. L. John, I. J. J. Otene, G. E. Antenyi
This study was conducted to assess the causes, effects, and control measures of drug abuse. The review was composed of literature search from databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer, Scopus and PubMed). Major findings from this study includes:
a) Causes of Drug Abuse: The causes of drug abuse varies from social, interpersonal, cultural, environmental, and family factors. People abuse drugs due to pleasure derived from it. Drug abuse can be socially learned through drug use by peer group members, exposure to offers to use, and easy access to drugs. Pressure from friends that abuse drugs including their frequent escalation of drug experience may appeal others to start the use of drugs. Curiosity arising from recurrent references to drugs by public media generate curiosity for having a personal experience of the drugs. Growing up in a single-parent family, lack of parental support or supervision as well as low involvement with the child, and exposure of children to elders in the family who take drugs can promote drug use. Frustration and depression could make some people to take drugs to experience relief or relief from pain mostly from a prolonged use of pain-relieving drugs prescribed by a doctor.
b) Effects of Drug Abuse: The signs or harmful effects of drug abuse could be physical, emotional, family dynamics, school behaviours, and social problems. They include cardiovascular disease; abnormalities in brain structure and function; respiratory problems; weakened immune system; insomnia; reduction in libido or sexual dysfunction; anxiety and irritability; loss or increase in appetite; and poor judgment. Different crimes such as armed robbery, kidnapping, and rape have been identified with young people under the influence of drugs. Family dynamics will reflect in the form of secretiveness, withdrawing from family, starting arguments, and breaking rules. For the school behaviours, the teenager will begin to play truancy, display discipline problems, decline in grades, decreased interest, many absences, and subsequently withdrawal from school. In terms of social problems, the teenager will begin to have problems with the law, have new friends, abnormal request for money, changes to less conventional styles in dress and music.
c) Control Measures for Drug Abuse: Effective drug prevention programs should involve the family, schools, communities, and the media. This includes creating healthy home environment (functional family communication or interaction, parents taking extra measures to monitor the activities of their children including their associations, reduce child’s exposure to drug users in the family). Government should provide easy and affordable access to rehabilitation centres, implement effective addiction counselling and prevention programmes, provide policies that would address the wider availability of drugs in the society, create job opportunities for youth to become self-reliant; develop effective a
{"title":"An Overview of Drug Abuse: Causes, Effects, and Control Measures","authors":"M. L. John, I. J. J. Otene, G. E. Antenyi","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11945","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the causes, effects, and control measures of drug abuse. The review was composed of literature search from databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer, Scopus and PubMed). Major findings from this study includes:
 
 a) Causes of Drug Abuse: The causes of drug abuse varies from social, interpersonal, cultural, environmental, and family factors. People abuse drugs due to pleasure derived from it. Drug abuse can be socially learned through drug use by peer group members, exposure to offers to use, and easy access to drugs. Pressure from friends that abuse drugs including their frequent escalation of drug experience may appeal others to start the use of drugs. Curiosity arising from recurrent references to drugs by public media generate curiosity for having a personal experience of the drugs. Growing up in a single-parent family, lack of parental support or supervision as well as low involvement with the child, and exposure of children to elders in the family who take drugs can promote drug use. Frustration and depression could make some people to take drugs to experience relief or relief from pain mostly from a prolonged use of pain-relieving drugs prescribed by a doctor.
 b) Effects of Drug Abuse: The signs or harmful effects of drug abuse could be physical, emotional, family dynamics, school behaviours, and social problems. They include cardiovascular disease; abnormalities in brain structure and function; respiratory problems; weakened immune system; insomnia; reduction in libido or sexual dysfunction; anxiety and irritability; loss or increase in appetite; and poor judgment. Different crimes such as armed robbery, kidnapping, and rape have been identified with young people under the influence of drugs. Family dynamics will reflect in the form of secretiveness, withdrawing from family, starting arguments, and breaking rules. For the school behaviours, the teenager will begin to play truancy, display discipline problems, decline in grades, decreased interest, many absences, and subsequently withdrawal from school. In terms of social problems, the teenager will begin to have problems with the law, have new friends, abnormal request for money, changes to less conventional styles in dress and music.
 c) Control Measures for Drug Abuse: Effective drug prevention programs should involve the family, schools, communities, and the media. This includes creating healthy home environment (functional family communication or interaction, parents taking extra measures to monitor the activities of their children including their associations, reduce child’s exposure to drug users in the family). Government should provide easy and affordable access to rehabilitation centres, implement effective addiction counselling and prevention programmes, provide policies that would address the wider availability of drugs in the society, create job opportunities for youth to become self-reliant; develop effective a","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"19 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The medical procedure known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can save a person's life after a heart attack. Additionally, it is done to manually preserve full brain function while additional measures are taken to recover spontaneous breathing and normal unprompted blood circulation in cardiac arrest.
Methods: The study's goal was to assess the knowledge and practice of basic life support among health workers in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality, Central Region of Ghana. The study used cross-sectional design. The study respondents were chosen using a simple random sampling method which included 322 nurses, doctors, physician assistants and midwives working in the Municipality. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analysed with SPSS version 25 and summarized using frequencies and percentages. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine associations at a 5% significance level. Results: The study found that while all health care workers had heard about BLS, they only had an average of 68.9 percent understanding of basic life support and just 16.5 percent had practiced CPR before. Also, there was significant association between sociodemographic characteristics (sex, grade, educational level, department and work experience) of the health workers and the practice of basic life support (p-value=<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concludes that if health workers are given more training and support, the knowledge and practice of basic life support would be increased in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality.
{"title":"Knowledge and Practice of Basic Life Support among Health Workers in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality of Ghana","authors":"Philip Gyaase, Emmanuel Boateng Acheampong, Isaiah Adu-Gyamfi, Bridget Armah, Gifty Delali Amewolah, Emmanuel Owusu Adueming","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11943","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The medical procedure known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can save a person's life after a heart attack. Additionally, it is done to manually preserve full brain function while additional measures are taken to recover spontaneous breathing and normal unprompted blood circulation in cardiac arrest.
 Methods: The study's goal was to assess the knowledge and practice of basic life support among health workers in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality, Central Region of Ghana. The study used cross-sectional design. The study respondents were chosen using a simple random sampling method which included 322 nurses, doctors, physician assistants and midwives working in the Municipality. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analysed with SPSS version 25 and summarized using frequencies and percentages. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine associations at a 5% significance level. Results: The study found that while all health care workers had heard about BLS, they only had an average of 68.9 percent understanding of basic life support and just 16.5 percent had practiced CPR before. Also, there was significant association between sociodemographic characteristics (sex, grade, educational level, department and work experience) of the health workers and the practice of basic life support (p-value=<0.001).
 Conclusion: The study concludes that if health workers are given more training and support, the knowledge and practice of basic life support would be increased in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"31 51","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the pediatric population, cephalosporins are one of the most often prescribed antibiotic groups. Currently, the European Network for Drug Allergy's (ENDA) standardized diagnostic techniques are widely used to diagnose beta lactam allergic reactions, which help physicians to confirm or exclude the allergy.
Here, we report a case of an incorrectly labeled child of allergy to ceftriaxone after presenting a reaction minutes after the administration of the first dose of ceftriaxone. The allergic pathogenesis was suspected based on the clinical data (brief interval between the drug injection and the appearance of symptoms). we performed skin tests, intradermal tests (IDT) for ceftriaxone, which turn out negatives, then we found an alternative drug for the patient to use by testing ceftazidime and amoxicillin and finally, since the symptoms weren’t specific of an allergy reaction and more likely suggesting a vasovagal syncope, we pursued with an intravenous drug provocation test to ceftriaxone, those tests helped us to prove the innocence of ceftriaxone and enabled us to reassure the parents.
Doctors should be mindful of the risks associated with avoiding specific antibiotic classes, particularly beta lactams, which are the most frequently recommended first-line antibiotics for pediatric patients and whose exclusion may complicate the management of certain pathologies. Such an approach may increase the number of infections, have an influence on antimicrobial stewardship, and have negative health economic effects on the public, it is crucial to avoid identifying a child as allergic without first performing an appropriate diagnostic workup.
{"title":"Adverse Reaction to Ceftriaxone: How Far Can We Go to exclude an Allergy?","authors":"Benchidmi Sara, Aminou Sara, Jaabouti Ghizlan, Benchekroun Soumia, EL Hafidi Naima, Mahraoui Chafiq","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11942","url":null,"abstract":"In the pediatric population, cephalosporins are one of the most often prescribed antibiotic groups. Currently, the European Network for Drug Allergy's (ENDA) standardized diagnostic techniques are widely used to diagnose beta lactam allergic reactions, which help physicians to confirm or exclude the allergy.
 Here, we report a case of an incorrectly labeled child of allergy to ceftriaxone after presenting a reaction minutes after the administration of the first dose of ceftriaxone. The allergic pathogenesis was suspected based on the clinical data (brief interval between the drug injection and the appearance of symptoms). we performed skin tests, intradermal tests (IDT) for ceftriaxone, which turn out negatives, then we found an alternative drug for the patient to use by testing ceftazidime and amoxicillin and finally, since the symptoms weren’t specific of an allergy reaction and more likely suggesting a vasovagal syncope, we pursued with an intravenous drug provocation test to ceftriaxone, those tests helped us to prove the innocence of ceftriaxone and enabled us to reassure the parents.
 Doctors should be mindful of the risks associated with avoiding specific antibiotic classes, particularly beta lactams, which are the most frequently recommended first-line antibiotics for pediatric patients and whose exclusion may complicate the management of certain pathologies. Such an approach may increase the number of infections, have an influence on antimicrobial stewardship, and have negative health economic effects on the public, it is crucial to avoid identifying a child as allergic without first performing an appropriate diagnostic workup.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"5 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135042040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11941
Hadijat Oluseyi Kolade-Yunusa
Background: Breast pain or mastalgia is a common breast symptom in women after breast lump. The increase in awareness of breast cancer and the possibility that a breast pain may be associated with underlying breast disease prompt women to seek medical attention. Ultrasound is a valuable imaging modality in evaluation of breast pain and breast diseases in general.
Objectives: To determine the role of ultrasound and the outcome of breast ultrasound among women with breast pain.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 87 women who were referred for ultrasound scan on account of breast pain from July 2015 - December 2016 at radiology department of UATH. A high frequency linear transducer 7.5 MHz of EMP G70 ultrasound machine manufactured by Shenzhen Emperor Electronic Technology®, China 2011 was used in scanning the breast.
Results: The mean age of study population was 32±15years with age range of 16 and 69 years. Majority of the patients were in the age group 30-39 years representing 54.0%. 32(36.8%) of women with breast pain had abnormal ultrasound findings. Sonographic findings included mass 13 (14.9%), cyst 10 (11.5%), ductal dilation 4(4.6%), calcification 3(3.5%), architectural distortion 2(2.3%). BIRADS 1 (normal/negative) was the commonest category seen in 55(63.2%) of patients, 21(24.1%) were benign (BIRADS 2), 6(6.4%) were probably benign (BIRADS 3), 3(3.4%) were suspicious BIRADS 4 and 2(2.3%) were highly suggestive of malignancy BIRADS 5. There was positive correlation between ultrasound findings with age This was however not statistically significant (P=0.67). There was positive correlation between abnormal ultrasound findings with type of pain (P=0.08), location of pain (P=0.63), contraception (P=0.39), and family history of breast cancer (P=0.11). However, this was not statistically significant
Conclusion: Evaluation of breast pain in a woman is very essentially not only to alleviate her fears but also to detect any abnormalities which may require treatment medically or surgically. Ultrasound is an important imaging tool in evaluating women with breast pain.
{"title":"Ultrasonography as a Tool in Assessment of Breast Pain among Women","authors":"Hadijat Oluseyi Kolade-Yunusa","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11941","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast pain or mastalgia is a common breast symptom in women after breast lump. The increase in awareness of breast cancer and the possibility that a breast pain may be associated with underlying breast disease prompt women to seek medical attention. Ultrasound is a valuable imaging modality in evaluation of breast pain and breast diseases in general.
 Objectives: To determine the role of ultrasound and the outcome of breast ultrasound among women with breast pain.
 Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 87 women who were referred for ultrasound scan on account of breast pain from July 2015 - December 2016 at radiology department of UATH. A high frequency linear transducer 7.5 MHz of EMP G70 ultrasound machine manufactured by Shenzhen Emperor Electronic Technology®, China 2011 was used in scanning the breast.
 Results: The mean age of study population was 32±15years with age range of 16 and 69 years. Majority of the patients were in the age group 30-39 years representing 54.0%. 32(36.8%) of women with breast pain had abnormal ultrasound findings. Sonographic findings included mass 13 (14.9%), cyst 10 (11.5%), ductal dilation 4(4.6%), calcification 3(3.5%), architectural distortion 2(2.3%). BIRADS 1 (normal/negative) was the commonest category seen in 55(63.2%) of patients, 21(24.1%) were benign (BIRADS 2), 6(6.4%) were probably benign (BIRADS 3), 3(3.4%) were suspicious BIRADS 4 and 2(2.3%) were highly suggestive of malignancy BIRADS 5. There was positive correlation between ultrasound findings with age This was however not statistically significant (P=0.67). There was positive correlation between abnormal ultrasound findings with type of pain (P=0.08), location of pain (P=0.63), contraception (P=0.39), and family history of breast cancer (P=0.11). However, this was not statistically significant
 Conclusion: Evaluation of breast pain in a woman is very essentially not only to alleviate her fears but also to detect any abnormalities which may require treatment medically or surgically. Ultrasound is an important imaging tool in evaluating women with breast pain.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11940
None Kumar H, R., None Soma M., None Saw M. O.
Complicated Appendicitis is defined as perforated appendicitis with abscess or mass formation. Its diagnosis and management have been controversial with no consensus on its definition and treatment algorithm. The treatment was initially conservative management, but the current trend is immediate appendectomy by the laparoscopic method. Other areas of controversy include the need for interval appendectomy and the role of percutaneous drainage of appendicular abscess. We have conducted this review article to investigate the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of complicated appendicitis.
{"title":"Complicated Appendicitis-An Update : A Narrative Review","authors":"None Kumar H, R., None Soma M., None Saw M. O.","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11940","url":null,"abstract":"Complicated Appendicitis is defined as perforated appendicitis with abscess or mass formation. Its diagnosis and management have been controversial with no consensus on its definition and treatment algorithm. The treatment was initially conservative management, but the current trend is immediate appendectomy by the laparoscopic method. Other areas of controversy include the need for interval appendectomy and the role of percutaneous drainage of appendicular abscess. We have conducted this review article to investigate the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of complicated appendicitis.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"88 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11939
G. D. S. Pushpika, T. N. Samaranayake
Hemiplegia resulting from a stroke leads to a distinct gait pattern and dysfunction in the upper limb. The objective of this study was to determine a correlation between the functionality of the upper limb and selected spatiotemporal parameters of gait in patients with hemiplegia following a stroke. The study comprised a sample of 80 outpatients (45 males and 35 females) with post-stroke hemiplegia, with an average age of 60.78 years, selected using a convenient sampling method. To assess the functionality of the affected upper limb, the study employed the QuickDASH questionnaire, which is a shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. Concurrently, the participants were recorded on video while performing the 4-meter walk test (4mWT). The recorded videos were meticulously analyzed using Kinovea software (version 0.8.15) to calculate gait parameters such as comfortable and maximum speeds, stride length and time on the paretic and affected side, number of steps taken to cover the 4m, and cadence. Pearson Correlation analysis was conducted to explore potential associations between these gait parameters and the QuickDASH score, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
The findings revealed significant correlations between upper limb functionality and selected gait parameters. Reduced upper limb functionality correlated with decreased comfortable speed (p < 0.05), maximum speed (p < 0.05), and cadence (p < 0.05) during the 4mWT. In contrast, impaired upper limb function linked to prolonged time to complete the 4m distance (p < 0.05), increased steps taken by both affected (p < 0.05) and unaffected (p < 0.05) sides, and extended stride time on both sides (p < 0.05). However, no substantial correlation emerged between upper limb functionality and stride length on either side (p > 0.05).
In conclusion, this study emphasizes the correlation between upper limb functionality and specific gait parameters in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. The correlation between upper limb functionality and selected spatiotemporal parameters of gait underscores the necessity for integrated rehabilitation strategies targeting both upper limb and gait training. These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the connection between upper limb disability and gait parameters, emphasizing the significance of personalized treatments in order to maximize the restoration of functionality in individuals who have suffered a stroke.
{"title":"The Impact of Upper Limb Functioning on Gait Patterns in Individuals with Post-Stroke Hemiplegia","authors":"G. D. S. Pushpika, T. N. Samaranayake","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11939","url":null,"abstract":"Hemiplegia resulting from a stroke leads to a distinct gait pattern and dysfunction in the upper limb. The objective of this study was to determine a correlation between the functionality of the upper limb and selected spatiotemporal parameters of gait in patients with hemiplegia following a stroke. The study comprised a sample of 80 outpatients (45 males and 35 females) with post-stroke hemiplegia, with an average age of 60.78 years, selected using a convenient sampling method. To assess the functionality of the affected upper limb, the study employed the QuickDASH questionnaire, which is a shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. Concurrently, the participants were recorded on video while performing the 4-meter walk test (4mWT). The recorded videos were meticulously analyzed using Kinovea software (version 0.8.15) to calculate gait parameters such as comfortable and maximum speeds, stride length and time on the paretic and affected side, number of steps taken to cover the 4m, and cadence. Pearson Correlation analysis was conducted to explore potential associations between these gait parameters and the QuickDASH score, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
 The findings revealed significant correlations between upper limb functionality and selected gait parameters. Reduced upper limb functionality correlated with decreased comfortable speed (p < 0.05), maximum speed (p < 0.05), and cadence (p < 0.05) during the 4mWT. In contrast, impaired upper limb function linked to prolonged time to complete the 4m distance (p < 0.05), increased steps taken by both affected (p < 0.05) and unaffected (p < 0.05) sides, and extended stride time on both sides (p < 0.05). However, no substantial correlation emerged between upper limb functionality and stride length on either side (p > 0.05).
 In conclusion, this study emphasizes the correlation between upper limb functionality and specific gait parameters in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. The correlation between upper limb functionality and selected spatiotemporal parameters of gait underscores the necessity for integrated rehabilitation strategies targeting both upper limb and gait training. These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the connection between upper limb disability and gait parameters, emphasizing the significance of personalized treatments in order to maximize the restoration of functionality in individuals who have suffered a stroke.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"294 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135474801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11938
Rumana Ferdous, Md. Mamunur Rahman, Chaman Ara, Md. Hasan Al Khurshid, Humayra Rumu
Background: The presence of albumin in the urine is a marker of glomerular involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), depicting diabetic nephropathy. Strict glycemic control can prevent and delay the occurrence of microalbuminuria and other diabetic complications. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence of microalbuinuria & associated risk factors at the timi e of diagnosis among type 2 diabetic patients in Rajshahi city.
Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2019, a cross-sectional analytical study was collaboratively undertaken by the Department of Physiology at Rajshahi Medical College and the Diabetic Association Hospital in Rajshahi. Following an initial evaluation, patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for a conclusive diagnosis of DM. Subsequently, subjects were subjected to rigorous screening procedures based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study group A consisted of 80 diabetic subjects, while an equivalent number of age- and gender-matched non-diabetic individuals were recruited for study group B, with participants drawn from hospital staff, patients' relatives, and volunteers, resulting in a total of 80 participants in each group.
Results: The study findings showed that among the healthy adult group, 85% had normal fasting blood sugar (FBS), while 15% had impaired fasting sugar (IFG). Conversely, in the diabetic group, none had normal FBS or IFG. The mean urine microalbumin level was significantly higher in the diabetic group (24.63±14.75 mg/day) compared to the control group (11.59±5.41 mg/day), indicating abnormal levels in about one-third of diabetic respondents versus none in the healthy group. Additionally, all healthy adults had normal urine spot microalbumin levels, whereas 25 diabetic respondents exceeded normal levels.
Conclusion: Newly diagnosed diabetic patients showed higher levels of urine microalbumin compared to healthy adults, suggesting potential early markers for diabetic nephropathy. However, further large-scale prospective studies are required to confirm their clinical usefulness for routine screening.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Microalbuinuria & Associated Risk Factors at the Time of Diagnosis among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh","authors":"Rumana Ferdous, Md. Mamunur Rahman, Chaman Ara, Md. Hasan Al Khurshid, Humayra Rumu","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11938","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The presence of albumin in the urine is a marker of glomerular involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), depicting diabetic nephropathy. Strict glycemic control can prevent and delay the occurrence of microalbuminuria and other diabetic complications. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence of microalbuinuria & associated risk factors at the timi e of diagnosis among type 2 diabetic patients in Rajshahi city.
 Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2019, a cross-sectional analytical study was collaboratively undertaken by the Department of Physiology at Rajshahi Medical College and the Diabetic Association Hospital in Rajshahi. Following an initial evaluation, patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for a conclusive diagnosis of DM. Subsequently, subjects were subjected to rigorous screening procedures based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study group A consisted of 80 diabetic subjects, while an equivalent number of age- and gender-matched non-diabetic individuals were recruited for study group B, with participants drawn from hospital staff, patients' relatives, and volunteers, resulting in a total of 80 participants in each group.
 Results: The study findings showed that among the healthy adult group, 85% had normal fasting blood sugar (FBS), while 15% had impaired fasting sugar (IFG). Conversely, in the diabetic group, none had normal FBS or IFG. The mean urine microalbumin level was significantly higher in the diabetic group (24.63±14.75 mg/day) compared to the control group (11.59±5.41 mg/day), indicating abnormal levels in about one-third of diabetic respondents versus none in the healthy group. Additionally, all healthy adults had normal urine spot microalbumin levels, whereas 25 diabetic respondents exceeded normal levels.
 Conclusion: Newly diagnosed diabetic patients showed higher levels of urine microalbumin compared to healthy adults, suggesting potential early markers for diabetic nephropathy. However, further large-scale prospective studies are required to confirm their clinical usefulness for routine screening.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication following spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section (CS). There is little data on the incidence and its predisposing factors in low-income countries. The study aimed to investigate the incidence and factors predisposing patients to PDPH after a dural puncture during a planned Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia at Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Pregnant women scheduled for planned Caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia at Thika Level 5 Hospital were randomly recruited. Data was collected during the fourth quarter of 2021. Patient factors (age, BMI, bed rest, and previous history of PDPH), healthcare provider factors (qualification, experience, and the number of dural punctures), and equipment factors (size, design, and spinal needle orientation) were evaluated to determine predisposing factors for PDPH. Sample size obtained by the use of Fisher’s formula, resulting in a sample size of 103.
Results: We found the incidence of PDPH at Thika Level 5 Hospital to be 24.5%. Patient and equipment factors were found to be associated with PDPH. Among the patient factors, high BMI was found to be significant (p = 0.039) while among the equipment factors, traumatic needle tip design (p = 0.049) and the perpendicular orientation of needle bevel (p = 0.022) were found to be associated with PDPH.
Conclusion and Recommendations: We conclude that PDPH is a common complication following spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section, and the incidence (24.5%) is relatively high at Thika Level 5 Hospital. High BMI, traumatic cutting spinal needle tip design and perpendicular orientation of the needle bevel are predisposing factors. Further research is needed to determine the predisposing factors of PDPH at different levels of hospitals in Kiambu County, and understand the specific mechanisms and measures to minimize the incidence PDPH
{"title":"Factors Predisposing to Postdural Puncture Headache after Spinal Anaesthesia among Elective Caesarean Section Patients at Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya","authors":"Munavu Angelina Nduku, Onyuka Jackson, Mwangi Wambui","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11937","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication following spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section (CS). There is little data on the incidence and its predisposing factors in low-income countries. The study aimed to investigate the incidence and factors predisposing patients to PDPH after a dural puncture during a planned Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia at Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Pregnant women scheduled for planned Caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia at Thika Level 5 Hospital were randomly recruited. Data was collected during the fourth quarter of 2021. Patient factors (age, BMI, bed rest, and previous history of PDPH), healthcare provider factors (qualification, experience, and the number of dural punctures), and equipment factors (size, design, and spinal needle orientation) were evaluated to determine predisposing factors for PDPH. Sample size obtained by the use of Fisher’s formula, resulting in a sample size of 103.
 Results: We found the incidence of PDPH at Thika Level 5 Hospital to be 24.5%. Patient and equipment factors were found to be associated with PDPH. Among the patient factors, high BMI was found to be significant (p = 0.039) while among the equipment factors, traumatic needle tip design (p = 0.049) and the perpendicular orientation of needle bevel (p = 0.022) were found to be associated with PDPH.
 Conclusion and Recommendations: We conclude that PDPH is a common complication following spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section, and the incidence (24.5%) is relatively high at Thika Level 5 Hospital. High BMI, traumatic cutting spinal needle tip design and perpendicular orientation of the needle bevel are predisposing factors. Further research is needed to determine the predisposing factors of PDPH at different levels of hospitals in Kiambu County, and understand the specific mechanisms and measures to minimize the incidence PDPH","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"284 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare cause of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Patients with IPH usually present with the classical triad: hemoptysis, and iron deficiency anemia, and pulmonary infiltrates on chest imaging, the diagnosis is often delayed by years.
We report four IPH pediatrics cases of children diagnosed at the children’s hospital of Rabat, Morocco. The aim of this study is to review the clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools and treatment of this affection.
All the four patients were presented with the classical triad, the diagnosis was based on the Clinical, radiologic and biologic findings. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to all the patients and confirmed the diagnosis by the identification of siderophages.
High doses of Corticosteroids, by an induction therapy with an intravenous methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg/day for 3 days) followed by oral prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) had shown a good therapeutic response. One patient was treated first with oral corticosteroid and switched over to synthetic antimalarial drugs, because he had side effects from long-term cortico therapy. Then the clinical condition has been improved. The evaluation of response to the therapy included the clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory data and chest x ray. The prognosis of IPH is influenced by several factors, including the time of diagnosis, early initiation of treatment, and the presence of comorbidities.
{"title":"Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis in Pediatric in Patients: Report of Four Cases in Rabat, Morrocco","authors":"None Benchidmi S., None Lamghari Y., None Saad A., None Maalmi N., None Jaabouti G., None Aminou S., None Elqoraichi O., None EL Hafidi N., None Mahraoui C., None Benchekroun S.","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11935","url":null,"abstract":"Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare cause of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Patients with IPH usually present with the classical triad: hemoptysis, and iron deficiency anemia, and pulmonary infiltrates on chest imaging, the diagnosis is often delayed by years.
 We report four IPH pediatrics cases of children diagnosed at the children’s hospital of Rabat, Morocco. The aim of this study is to review the clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools and treatment of this affection.
 All the four patients were presented with the classical triad, the diagnosis was based on the Clinical, radiologic and biologic findings. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to all the patients and confirmed the diagnosis by the identification of siderophages.
 High doses of Corticosteroids, by an induction therapy with an intravenous methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg/day for 3 days) followed by oral prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) had shown a good therapeutic response. One patient was treated first with oral corticosteroid and switched over to synthetic antimalarial drugs, because he had side effects from long-term cortico therapy. Then the clinical condition has been improved. The evaluation of response to the therapy included the clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory data and chest x ray. The prognosis of IPH is influenced by several factors, including the time of diagnosis, early initiation of treatment, and the presence of comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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