Mediatory Role of Substance Use Coping in the Relationship between Combat Exposure and PTSD among Nigerian Police Exposed to Boko-Haram Insurgency

Abstract

Over the years, studies have identified posttraumatic stress disorder as one of the greatest problems in military and police population worldwide. Apparently, extant literature have associated this problem with combat exposure; however, what is still unclear is whether adopting certain coping strategies like substance use after homecoming from combat deployment could increase vulnerability to combat-related PTSD especially among Nigerian police population that has been associated with high substance use coping. This study therefore examined the mediatory role of substance use coping in the relationship between combat exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder among Nigerian mobile police personnel exposed to BokoHaram insurgency in the North-eastern, Nigeria. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires on a sample of 630 participants. Two hypotheses were stated and analysed using Pearson correlation, linear and hierarchical multiple regression, and results revealed a significant positive relationship between combat exposure (r= .36; p<.01), substance use coping (r=.28; p<.01) and PTSD; as well as combat exposure and substance use(r= .19; p<.05). Additional findings indicated that combat exposure (β=.09, t= 2.2; p<.05) and substance use coping strategy (β= .26, t= 6.74; p<.01) independently and jointly [F(1,622)= 29.05; R.29, R2=.09; p<.01] influenced PTSD, and that substance use coping significantly mediated the relationship between combat exposure (β1= .136**, β2= .85*) as indicated by a significant reduction in the beta values. This shows that police personnel who experience combat and resort to substance use to cope are more vulnerable to PTSD. Thus, police authorities must restrain use of substance coping to reduce vulnerability to combat-related PTSD.