A STUDY OF RAT SPECIES, THEIR POPULATIONS AND CROP DAMAGE IN MATURE OIL PALM PLANTATIONS IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN

The Planter Pub Date : 2018-05-25 DOI:10.56333/tp.2018.007
R. Balasubramaniam, G. F. Chung
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Rats are the most important amongst the many vertebrate pests of oil palm. They occur in nurseries, immature and mature oilpalm plantation areas and can cause substantial economic loses to the plantations. A study was conducted to determine the species and population of the rats as well as to assess the crop damage in a mature oil palm area in Central Kalimantan province. Five study plots were established at randomly selected fields in five oil palm estates and the rat populations were estimated using the 'catch, marked and recapture' (CMR) technique. The house rat, Rattus rattus diardii, was the only rat species found from live-trapping using wire mesh drop door traps. Using the CMR technique, the population of the Rattus rattus diardii was estimated; it ranged from 185 to 718 rats per hectare among the five trapping plots. The average rat population was 384 rats per hectare over the five estates. The percentage of palms with fresh rat damage on fresh fruit bunches (FFB), ranged from low to moderate, i.e. 5 -15 per cent. Generally, it was observed that high rat population amounted to high number of palms with fresh damage on FFB. The potential crop losses were calculated for the five estates and it ranged from USD 201.48 to USD 779.64 per hectare per year. At the average potential crop loss of USD 417.42 per hectare per year, the combined potential loss for the five estates with a total area of about 20 000 ha amounted to USD 8.35 million. This study also indicated that the house rat, Rattus rattus diardii, was the sole rat species found to be well established in the mature oil palm plantation areas of Central Kalimantan. Side observation from this study indicated that barn owl population augmentation did not result in the desired level of rat control. Hence, the need for a pragmatic integrated approach incorporating both judicious rat baiting together with biological control of rats using barn owls. Keywords: Oil palm, rat species, rat population, catch, marked and recapture (CMR), Rattus rattus diardii, crop losses.
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加里曼丹中部油棕成熟种植园鼠类、种群及作物危害研究
在油棕的众多脊椎动物害虫中,老鼠是最重要的。它们发生在苗圃、未成熟和成熟油棕种植区,可给种植园造成重大经济损失。在加里曼丹省中部的一个成熟油棕区进行了一项研究,以确定鼠的种类和种群,并评估作物的损害。在5个油棕园随机选择的田地中建立了5个研究样地,并使用“捕获、标记和再捕获”(CMR)技术估计了鼠群。家鼠(Rattus Rattus diardii)是使用金属网垂门诱捕器捕获的唯一鼠种。利用CMR技术对滇家鼠种群进行了估计;5个诱捕区每公顷鼠数为185 ~ 718只。五个屋苑的平均鼠数为每公顷384只。鲜果串(FFB)上鲜鼠损害棕榈的百分比从低到中等,即5 - 15%。一般情况下,观察到高鼠种群等于高鲜果串上的棕榈数量。对5个庄园的潜在作物损失进行了计算,损失范围为每公顷每年201.48美元至779.64美元。按平均每公顷每年417.42美元的潜在作物损失计算,总面积约为2万公顷的五个庄园的潜在损失总额为835万美元。该研究还表明,家鼠(Rattus Rattus diardii)是加里曼丹中部成熟油棕种植区唯一的鼠种。本研究的侧面观察表明,仓鸮种群的增加并没有达到理想的鼠控制水平。因此,需要一种实用的综合方法,将明智的老鼠诱饵与利用仓鸮对老鼠进行生物控制结合起来。关键词:油棕,鼠种,鼠种群,捕、标、捕(CMR),家鼠,作物损失
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