STAGES OF CYTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION (USING IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL EXAMINATION) OF EFFUSION FLUIDS

Abstract

Relevance: Cytological criteria of tumors in exudate fluids are associated with certain subjective difficulties, one of which is the differential diagnosis of proliferating mesothelial and adenocarci-noma cells. The study aimed to increase the informational value of cytological diagnostics in a multidisciplinary hospital. Methods: From 2018 to 2021, 10,082 serous cavity effusions (pleural – 8,166 (81%), abdominal cavity – 1,512 (15%), pericardial – 404 (4%)) were included in the cytological examination. Micro-scopic examination of traditional preparations was carried out, and immunocytochemical (ICC) ex-amination was carried out in difficult diagnostic situations. Results: Analysis of the study showed that by the traditional cytological method in effusion fluids in women, metastatic lesions of the serous cavities were diagnosed in 672 cases (58%), mainly due to the progression of breast cancer (26%). In men, pleurisy was mainly due to metastasis of adenocar-cinoma of the lung – 266 cases (23%). ICC research increased the diagnostic accuracy of cytological examination by 62-93% and the specificity – by 95-99%. Conclusions: An algorithm for conducting ICH studies, differing in the number of panels of mono-clonal antibodies used to determine the histological form and organ - the source of the tumor, has been developed. In specific cases, conducting ICR studies with 2-3 monoclonal antibodies may be quite enough to confirm the histological form of the tumor and, where necessary, perform additional ICR studies without significant loss of time for obtaining results.