Synthesis and study of the extraction properties ofnew phosphorus-containing extractants of heavy metals

G. Bishimbayeva, A. Nalibayeva, S. A. Saidullayeva, A. Zhanabaeva, A. Bold, Y. N. Abdikalykov
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Abstract

Abstract: The metallurgical industry is one of the cornerstones of contemporary chemical science and industry and it is developing rapidly in many countries. The widespread introduction of metal extraction, concentration and separation as the most productive methods entails the need to search for and create new effective metal extractants. Among the compounds, suitable for use as extractants, the most widespread are organic phosphites and phosphates, which allow performing extraction processes with good selectivity and efficiency. The purposes of this article include finalizing the optimal synthesis conditions and developing larger batches of 4,5-dimethyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane and 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5- octafluoropentoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane, and study of the extraction properties of the obtained phosphorus- containing heterocyclic compounds in the separation of uranium from the commercial desorbate. The synthesis of new representatives of the indicated polyfluoroalkylated five- and six-membered heterocyclic phosphorus compounds was conducted using the interaction of 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane with trifluoroethanol and the substitution–cyclization reaction of polyfluoroalkylated dichlorophosphite with 2,2-dimethyl- 1,3-propanediol. Reactions easily proceed in triethylamine–hexane or pyridine–diethyl ether systems at temperatures ranging between minus ten to room temperature, with the output of target heterocycles of 53–57%. The studies of extraction properties of synthesized poly-fluorinealkylated dioxaphospholane and dioxaphosphorinane show that the use of these phosphorus-containing heterocyclic compounds as extractants allows extracting a technically valuable metal up to 12.4 and 15.2%, respectively. Nitric and sulfuric acid solutions of commercial desorbate of hydrometallurgical production in Kazakhstan were used as feedstock in the extraction process.
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新型含磷重金属萃取剂的合成及萃取性能研究
摘要:冶金工业是当代化学科学和工业的基石之一,在许多国家发展迅速。金属萃取、浓缩和分离作为生产效率最高的方法被广泛采用,这就需要寻找和创造新的有效的金属萃取剂。在适合用作萃取剂的化合物中,应用最广泛的是有机亚磷酸酯和磷酸盐,它们的萃取过程具有良好的选择性和效率。本文的目的是确定最佳合成条件,大批量地制备4,5-二甲基-2-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,3,2-二氧磷磷烷和5,5-二甲基-2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟氧基)-1,3,2-二氧磷磷烷,并研究所得含磷杂环化合物在商业脱酸铀分离中的萃取性能。利用2-氯-1,3,2-二氧磷烷与三氟乙醇的相互作用和多氟烷基化二氯膦与2,2-二甲基-1,3 -丙二醇的取代-环化反应,合成了指定的多氟烷基化五元和六元杂环磷化合物的新代表化合物。三乙胺-己烷或吡啶-乙醚体系在零下十度至室温的温度范围内很容易进行反应,目标杂环的产量为53-57%。对合成的多氟烷基化二磷磷烷和二磷磷烷的萃取性能研究表明,使用这些含磷杂环化合物作为萃取剂,可分别提取12.4%和15.2%的技术有价金属。以哈萨克斯坦湿法冶金工业脱山酸盐的硝酸溶液和硫酸溶液为萃取原料。
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