Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-255-262
N. Naumova, A. Lukin, T. Slepneva, E. Velisevich
The study of variability in the chemical composition of fruits under the influence of external factors is important both in terms of adaptation processes of fruit plants and for practical purposes. In this research, we aimed to carry out a comparative analysis of the biochemical composition of apples of such zoned varieties, as Ekrannoe (autumn ripening), Blagaya Vest’ and Krasa Sverdlovska (winter ripening). The trees were growing in different agrocenoses: in a horticultural research station (conventional extensive cultivation) and in a farm (intensive cultivation). For all the studied apple varieties, the content of insoluble nutrients (1.4–1.6 g/100 g), as well as the level of flavonoids (0.4%) and titratable acidity (1.5–1.7%) for winter fruits, were characterized by the lowest variability among other indicators. These indicators, therefore, can be considered species-specific. The level of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of winter apples can be considered variety-specific indicators for Blagaya Vest’ (0.52–0.53 mmol/l gallic acid equivalent; 71.2–75.9%) and Krasa Sverdlovska (0.65 mmol/l gallic acid equivalent; 89.7–90.1%), respectively. In all apple varieties, the contents of organic acids, vitamin C, dry matter, sugars and mineral elements showed the greatest dependence on growing conditions. In winter varieties, this list also included the sugar/acid ratio. In terms of biochemical composition, autumn-ripening apples proved to be more responsive to changes in external environmental factors.
{"title":"Biochemical composition of zoned apple varieties growing in different agrocenoses","authors":"N. Naumova, A. Lukin, T. Slepneva, E. Velisevich","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-255-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-255-262","url":null,"abstract":"The study of variability in the chemical composition of fruits under the influence of external factors is important both in terms of adaptation processes of fruit plants and for practical purposes. In this research, we aimed to carry out a comparative analysis of the biochemical composition of apples of such zoned varieties, as Ekrannoe (autumn ripening), Blagaya Vest’ and Krasa Sverdlovska (winter ripening). The trees were growing in different agrocenoses: in a horticultural research station (conventional extensive cultivation) and in a farm (intensive cultivation). For all the studied apple varieties, the content of insoluble nutrients (1.4–1.6 g/100 g), as well as the level of flavonoids (0.4%) and titratable acidity (1.5–1.7%) for winter fruits, were characterized by the lowest variability among other indicators. These indicators, therefore, can be considered species-specific. The level of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of winter apples can be considered variety-specific indicators for Blagaya Vest’ (0.52–0.53 mmol/l gallic acid equivalent; 71.2–75.9%) and Krasa Sverdlovska (0.65 mmol/l gallic acid equivalent; 89.7–90.1%), respectively. In all apple varieties, the contents of organic acids, vitamin C, dry matter, sugars and mineral elements showed the greatest dependence on growing conditions. In winter varieties, this list also included the sugar/acid ratio. In terms of biochemical composition, autumn-ripening apples proved to be more responsive to changes in external environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73818372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-304-309
Y. Titova, A. Chesnokova, A. Sukhanov, N. Ivanov
The development of novel membrane materials for hydrogen fuel cells, a promising environmentally friendly technology, represents a relevant research task. In this work, we propose an approach to creating proton-conducting membranes from an industrial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) dielectric track-etched film. An N, P-containing ionic liquid was used as a modifying agent, whose polymerization was carried out directly in the PET membrane pores. The ionic liquid was obtained using a novel approach to the directed synthesis of organophosphorus compounds from elemental phosphorus via the Trofimov-Gusarova reaction developed at the A.E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The ionic liquid properties were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. The application of the obtained N, P-containing ionic liquid onto a PET membrane was shown to yield a material exhibiting the required mechanical parameters for operation as proton-conducting membranes. The novel proton-conducting materials demonstrate a high proton conductivity of 77.76 mS·cm-1 at 353 K. The obtained proton-conducting membranes seem promising for application in hydrogen fuel cells, thus contributing to the development of effective alternative energy sources.
{"title":"Novel proton-conducting materials based on a polyethylene terephthalate track-etched membrane modified with an N, P-containing ionic liquid","authors":"Y. Titova, A. Chesnokova, A. Sukhanov, N. Ivanov","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-304-309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-304-309","url":null,"abstract":"The development of novel membrane materials for hydrogen fuel cells, a promising environmentally friendly technology, represents a relevant research task. In this work, we propose an approach to creating proton-conducting membranes from an industrial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) dielectric track-etched film. An N, P-containing ionic liquid was used as a modifying agent, whose polymerization was carried out directly in the PET membrane pores. The ionic liquid was obtained using a novel approach to the directed synthesis of organophosphorus compounds from elemental phosphorus via the Trofimov-Gusarova reaction developed at the A.E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The ionic liquid properties were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. The application of the obtained N, P-containing ionic liquid onto a PET membrane was shown to yield a material exhibiting the required mechanical parameters for operation as proton-conducting membranes. The novel proton-conducting materials demonstrate a high proton conductivity of 77.76 mS·cm-1 at 353 K. The obtained proton-conducting membranes seem promising for application in hydrogen fuel cells, thus contributing to the development of effective alternative energy sources.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74486450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-228-234
L. Trong, B. B. Thinh
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) has been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to its various health benefits, and it is widely used today in aromatherapy, cosmetics, and even as a culinary herb. This study aimed to investigate how the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of T. vulgaris were affected by storage at different temperatures. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The study observed changes in the essential oil’s composition when stored in a refrigerator (4 °C) and at room temperature (25 °C) for three months. The results revealed that the proportions of compounds with lower boiling temperatures such as β-myrcene (2.29–0.20%) and α-pinene (2.74–0.24%) along with γ-terpinene (7.84–4.81%) and p-cymene (10.93–5.61%) as thymol and carvacrol precursors, were significantly decreased when stored at room temperature. However, the amounts of thymol and carvacrol increased by 51.64 and 21.81%, respectively, after three months storage period, indicating a rise in the oil quality index. Storing the essential oil in a refrigerator resulted in minimal changes to the essential oil composition and maintained its primary quality. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was tested using the broth microdilution method and demonstrated that the essential oils from both storage methods retained their antimicrobial activity compared to freshly extracted ones. In summary, these findings are beneficial for essential oil producers and consumers in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
{"title":"Changes in essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris under different storage conditions and its antimicrobial activity","authors":"L. Trong, B. B. Thinh","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-228-234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-228-234","url":null,"abstract":"Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) has been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to its various health benefits, and it is widely used today in aromatherapy, cosmetics, and even as a culinary herb. This study aimed to investigate how the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of T. vulgaris were affected by storage at different temperatures. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The study observed changes in the essential oil’s composition when stored in a refrigerator (4 °C) and at room temperature (25 °C) for three months. The results revealed that the proportions of compounds with lower boiling temperatures such as β-myrcene (2.29–0.20%) and α-pinene (2.74–0.24%) along with γ-terpinene (7.84–4.81%) and p-cymene (10.93–5.61%) as thymol and carvacrol precursors, were significantly decreased when stored at room temperature. However, the amounts of thymol and carvacrol increased by 51.64 and 21.81%, respectively, after three months storage period, indicating a rise in the oil quality index. Storing the essential oil in a refrigerator resulted in minimal changes to the essential oil composition and maintained its primary quality. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was tested using the broth microdilution method and demonstrated that the essential oils from both storage methods retained their antimicrobial activity compared to freshly extracted ones. In summary, these findings are beneficial for essential oil producers and consumers in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89129034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-291-303
T. G. Korotkova, A. M. Zakolyukina, S. A. Bushumov
A calcined sorbent from ash and slag waste of thermal power plants was used for water purification from ammonium ions. Experiments were carried out under static conditions at a temperature of 25±2 °С. The concentration of ammonium ions in the solution was measured by the spectrophotometric method according to the established graduation characteristic tested for convergence and correctness. The sorption process was studied at a sorbent dose of 1.0 g per 50 cm3 of the model solution taking the specific pore volume of the sorbent into account. For a solution with an ammonium ion content of 20 mg/dm3, the following modifications were carried out: the frequency of magnetic stirrer rotation was varied from 50 to 500 rpm; the pH of the solution – from 4 to 9; and the time to equilibrium – from 10 to 210 min. The time to equilibrium was 180 min. The effect of initial concentration of ammonium ions (2.0; 5.0; 20; 50 and 100 mg/dm3) in the solution on the adsorption process was studied under optimal sorption parameters. The adsorption equilibrium in the “ammonium ions–calcined sorbent” system was studied for the initial concentration of ammonium ions from 5 to 300 mg/dm3. Experimental data were processed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The maximum value of adsorption comprised 1.1251 mg/g. The experimental data were found to agree with the Langmuir theory. To describe the adsorption kinetics, the parameters of pseudo-first and pseudo-second order equations were determined. The highest convergence between the experimental and calculated data was achieved by the pseudo-first order model.
{"title":"Investigation of adsorption equilibrium in the system of ammonium ions and a calcined sorbent from ash and slag waste of thermal power plants","authors":"T. G. Korotkova, A. M. Zakolyukina, S. A. Bushumov","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-291-303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-291-303","url":null,"abstract":"A calcined sorbent from ash and slag waste of thermal power plants was used for water purification from ammonium ions. Experiments were carried out under static conditions at a temperature of 25±2 °С. The concentration of ammonium ions in the solution was measured by the spectrophotometric method according to the established graduation characteristic tested for convergence and correctness. The sorption process was studied at a sorbent dose of 1.0 g per 50 cm3 of the model solution taking the specific pore volume of the sorbent into account. For a solution with an ammonium ion content of 20 mg/dm3, the following modifications were carried out: the frequency of magnetic stirrer rotation was varied from 50 to 500 rpm; the pH of the solution – from 4 to 9; and the time to equilibrium – from 10 to 210 min. The time to equilibrium was 180 min. The effect of initial concentration of ammonium ions (2.0; 5.0; 20; 50 and 100 mg/dm3) in the solution on the adsorption process was studied under optimal sorption parameters. The adsorption equilibrium in the “ammonium ions–calcined sorbent” system was studied for the initial concentration of ammonium ions from 5 to 300 mg/dm3. Experimental data were processed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The maximum value of adsorption comprised 1.1251 mg/g. The experimental data were found to agree with the Langmuir theory. To describe the adsorption kinetics, the parameters of pseudo-first and pseudo-second order equations were determined. The highest convergence between the experimental and calculated data was achieved by the pseudo-first order model.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78109276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-245-254
A. A. Sukhanova, N. Ertiletskaya, A. Boyandin, S. Syrtsov, A. A. Sereda, Y. Prokopchuk, V. V. Brott
This work investigates the growth and productivity characteristics of such lactic-acid producing strains, as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 19-11 (VKPM B-2368), Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 Ds (VKPM B-2846) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (VKM B-1662) on standard MRS medium using glucose syrup as a carbon substrate. According to the results of batch cultivation of the selected strains in 5L fermenters for 72 h, the productivity was established to decrease in the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 19-11 > Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 Ds > Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis series. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 19-11 showed the maximum lactic-acid productivity of 1.94 g/(l×h) with a glucose conversion degree of 87%. After cultivation, a slight decrease in the content of nitrogen, potassium and sodium in the culture liquid of the studied strains was observed. In all strains, the content of other macronutrients (phosphorus, calcium, sulphur, magnesium, barium and iron) increased in proportion to the addition of glucose syrup during cultivation, which is directly related to their significant content in its composition. The Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 19-11 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 Ds strains produced racemic (DL) lactic acid, whereas Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis produced lactic acid with a 73% L-isomer content. The use of glucose syrup in biotechnological processes can contribute to the implementation of waste-free production in the respective enterprises.
{"title":"Growth characteristics of lactic acid-producing strains using glucose syrup as a carbon source","authors":"A. A. Sukhanova, N. Ertiletskaya, A. Boyandin, S. Syrtsov, A. A. Sereda, Y. Prokopchuk, V. V. Brott","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-245-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-245-254","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the growth and productivity characteristics of such lactic-acid producing strains, as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 19-11 (VKPM B-2368), Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 Ds (VKPM B-2846) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (VKM B-1662) on standard MRS medium using glucose syrup as a carbon substrate. According to the results of batch cultivation of the selected strains in 5L fermenters for 72 h, the productivity was established to decrease in the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 19-11 > Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 Ds > Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis series. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 19-11 showed the maximum lactic-acid productivity of 1.94 g/(l×h) with a glucose conversion degree of 87%. After cultivation, a slight decrease in the content of nitrogen, potassium and sodium in the culture liquid of the studied strains was observed. In all strains, the content of other macronutrients (phosphorus, calcium, sulphur, magnesium, barium and iron) increased in proportion to the addition of glucose syrup during cultivation, which is directly related to their significant content in its composition. The Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 19-11 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 Ds strains produced racemic (DL) lactic acid, whereas Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis produced lactic acid with a 73% L-isomer content. The use of glucose syrup in biotechnological processes can contribute to the implementation of waste-free production in the respective enterprises.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76092957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-213-219
Y. Matveev, E. Averyanova
The use of sprouted seeds of cereals and legumes in human nutrition requires establishing an appropriate process of their production in the food industry. It takes one-two weeks for seeds to germinate in natural conditions, which is not viable for their industrial production and processing. In this regard, various technological techniques are being undertaken to accelerate the process of seed germination, based on the intensification of biochemical processes occurring in the seed embryos. The aim of this paper is to identify the temperature regime of germination for pea seeds at each stage of a two-stage technological process to optimize their germination over time. The research is based on the data on the temperature regime and germination time of pea seeds of Temp, Sofia, Spartak, Amior and naked barley varieties, the chemical composition of which is crucial during germination. The quantitative estimates of the maximum germination temperature of seeds are determined based on the known computational dependencies. Within the framework of a two-stage approach to the process of seed germination, the following temperature regime of their germination in technological processes is proposed: at the first stage – 37 °C; at the second stage – 30 °C. That will intensify the germination process and increase the yield of seedlings when scaling.
{"title":"Determining maximum germination temperatures of pea and barley seeds","authors":"Y. Matveev, E. Averyanova","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-213-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-213-219","url":null,"abstract":"The use of sprouted seeds of cereals and legumes in human nutrition requires establishing an appropriate process of their production in the food industry. It takes one-two weeks for seeds to germinate in natural conditions, which is not viable for their industrial production and processing. In this regard, various technological techniques are being undertaken to accelerate the process of seed germination, based on the intensification of biochemical processes occurring in the seed embryos. The aim of this paper is to identify the temperature regime of germination for pea seeds at each stage of a two-stage technological process to optimize their germination over time. The research is based on the data on the temperature regime and germination time of pea seeds of Temp, Sofia, Spartak, Amior and naked barley varieties, the chemical composition of which is crucial during germination. The quantitative estimates of the maximum germination temperature of seeds are determined based on the known computational dependencies. Within the framework of a two-stage approach to the process of seed germination, the following temperature regime of their germination in technological processes is proposed: at the first stage – 37 °C; at the second stage – 30 °C. That will intensify the germination process and increase the yield of seedlings when scaling.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78173254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-206-212
N. A. Ivantsova, M. Vetrova, A. A. Churina, D. V. Andriyanova
Studies into photochemical oxidation can enhance the current understanding of degradation processes within aqueous solutions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). APIs are complex decomposable compounds that, once in reservoirs, cause irreversible consequences in living organisms. The results obtained on the photodestruction of various drugs in water in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxydisulfate contribute to gaining new practical and theoretical knowledge in the field of water treatment, post-treatment, and purification. The paper presents laboratory results on the oxidation of model aqueous solutions of nitrofural, tetracycline, and paracetamol under the combined effect of UV radiation with micro-additives of oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and peroxydisulfate). The reaction order of APIs destruction is determined by the least square method. The results show that the combined effect of UV radiation and microadditives of hydrogen peroxide and peroxydisulfate contributes to both a high degree of purification (up to 98%) and a high rate of oxidative degradation of APIs (nitrofural, tetracycline, and paracetamol) compared to the use of UV radiation separately. The studied drugs can be arranged in the following order in terms of their oxidative degradation transformation ability: nitrofural>tetracycline>paraceta mol. The paper theoretically proves that photochemical destruction in the presence of peroxydisulfate leads to the formation of more highly reactive oxygen-containing radicals, which are involved in the decomposition of nitrofural, tetracycline, and paracetamol.
{"title":"Photodestruction of active pharmaceutical substances in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxydisulfate","authors":"N. A. Ivantsova, M. Vetrova, A. A. Churina, D. V. Andriyanova","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-206-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-206-212","url":null,"abstract":"Studies into photochemical oxidation can enhance the current understanding of degradation processes within aqueous solutions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). APIs are complex decomposable compounds that, once in reservoirs, cause irreversible consequences in living organisms. The results obtained on the photodestruction of various drugs in water in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxydisulfate contribute to gaining new practical and theoretical knowledge in the field of water treatment, post-treatment, and purification. The paper presents laboratory results on the oxidation of model aqueous solutions of nitrofural, tetracycline, and paracetamol under the combined effect of UV radiation with micro-additives of oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and peroxydisulfate). The reaction order of APIs destruction is determined by the least square method. The results show that the combined effect of UV radiation and microadditives of hydrogen peroxide and peroxydisulfate contributes to both a high degree of purification (up to 98%) and a high rate of oxidative degradation of APIs (nitrofural, tetracycline, and paracetamol) compared to the use of UV radiation separately. The studied drugs can be arranged in the following order in terms of their oxidative degradation transformation ability: nitrofural>tetracycline>paraceta mol. The paper theoretically proves that photochemical destruction in the presence of peroxydisulfate leads to the formation of more highly reactive oxygen-containing radicals, which are involved in the decomposition of nitrofural, tetracycline, and paracetamol.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83726026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-197-205
L. A. Stepanenko, B. Sukhov, V. V. Bedinskaya, A. Borisenko, T. V. Kon’kova
This paper proposes an algorithm for searching and analyzing the structures of CRISPR-Cas systems of bacteria and screening bacteriophages through spacers in CRISPR cassettes using bioinformatic research methods in the genomes of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. The aim was to determine and study the structure of CRISPR-Cas systems of bacteria on the example of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains using bioinformatic research methods in order to develop approaches for the selection of target bacteriophages. The research object included 150 genome-wide sequences downloaded from the GenBank database. Of these sequences, CRISPR-Cas systems were detected in 52 strains, which amounted to 34.7%. Using several search algorithms in the CRISPR-Cas systems of the studied strains, the presence of one and two CRISPR cassette was determined in 46.2 and 53.8% of cases, respectively. In all the cases, a complete set of Cas genes characteristic of Type-I Subtype-I-E systems was identified next to the cassettes. The total number of the identified spacers was 1659, of which 281 spacers were repeated in two or more CRISPR loci, while 505 spacers had no repeats. The number of spacers in the cassettes ranged from 4 to 64. The analysis of the spacer composition in CRISPR cassettes of antibiotic-resistant and hospital strains provided information on their evolutionary history and on the bacteriophages which are targeted by their CRISPR systems. The developed bioinformatic analysis algorithm enables creating a platform for the development of personalized bacteriophage therapy technologies.
本文提出了一种利用生物信息学研究方法在肺炎克雷伯菌基因组中搜索和分析细菌CRISPR- cas系统结构，并通过CRISPR盒中的间隔物筛选噬菌体的算法。目的是利用生物信息学研究方法确定和研究以肺炎克雷伯菌菌株为例的细菌CRISPR-Cas系统的结构，以开发靶向噬菌体的选择方法。研究对象包括从GenBank数据库下载的150个全基因组序列。其中，在52株菌株中检测到CRISPR-Cas系统，占34.7%。在研究菌株的CRISPR- cas系统中使用几种搜索算法，分别在46.2%和53.8%的病例中确定存在一个和两个CRISPR盒。在所有病例中，在卡带旁发现了一套完整的i型- i - e亚型Cas基因。共鉴定出1659个间隔片段，其中281个间隔片段在两个或两个以上的CRISPR位点重复，505个间隔片段没有重复。磁带中的间隔片数量从4个到64个不等。对耐抗生素菌株和医院菌株的CRISPR卡带中间隔成分的分析提供了它们的进化史和它们的CRISPR系统靶向的噬菌体的信息。开发的生物信息学分析算法能够为个性化噬菌体治疗技术的开发创造平台。
{"title":"Developing approaches for search and analysis of CRISPR-Cas systems on the example of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains as a basis for creating personalized bacteriophage therapy","authors":"L. A. Stepanenko, B. Sukhov, V. V. Bedinskaya, A. Borisenko, T. V. Kon’kova","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-197-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-197-205","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an algorithm for searching and analyzing the structures of CRISPR-Cas systems of bacteria and screening bacteriophages through spacers in CRISPR cassettes using bioinformatic research methods in the genomes of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. The aim was to determine and study the structure of CRISPR-Cas systems of bacteria on the example of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains using bioinformatic research methods in order to develop approaches for the selection of target bacteriophages. The research object included 150 genome-wide sequences downloaded from the GenBank database. Of these sequences, CRISPR-Cas systems were detected in 52 strains, which amounted to 34.7%. Using several search algorithms in the CRISPR-Cas systems of the studied strains, the presence of one and two CRISPR cassette was determined in 46.2 and 53.8% of cases, respectively. In all the cases, a complete set of Cas genes characteristic of Type-I Subtype-I-E systems was identified next to the cassettes. The total number of the identified spacers was 1659, of which 281 spacers were repeated in two or more CRISPR loci, while 505 spacers had no repeats. The number of spacers in the cassettes ranged from 4 to 64. The analysis of the spacer composition in CRISPR cassettes of antibiotic-resistant and hospital strains provided information on their evolutionary history and on the bacteriophages which are targeted by their CRISPR systems. The developed bioinformatic analysis algorithm enables creating a platform for the development of personalized bacteriophage therapy technologies.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90525348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-310-317
E. K. Gladysheva, V. Budaeva, E. A. Skiba, E. I. Kashcheeva, V. N. Zolotuhin
The use of cellulose-containing plant materials for obtaining bioproducts comprises a relevant research direction in the field of sustainable economic development. Herbaceous cellulose-containing raw materials are among the most widespread and easily renewable resources. In this study, we set out to identify herbaceous cellulose-containing raw materials suitable for biotechnological processing among the following plants: cane, miscanthus (Soranovsky variety), water hyacinth, iceberg lettuce, Sudan grass, oat husk, flax straw (Linum usitatissimum L.). Preliminary chemical treatment of raw materials was carried out by the conventional method of alkaline delignification at atmospheric pressure. The obtained substrates were converted into a solution of reducing sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis. The method of alkaline delignification of initial raw materials was found to be suitable for obtaining products with the cellulose mass content of 82.9–93.1% by the Kurschner method. This conversion rate can be considered a good indicator for further enzymatic hydrolysis. According to the results of enzymatichydrolysis of alkaline delignification products, the highest reactivity to enzymatic hydrolysis was demonstrated by the alkaline delignification products of miscanthus (Soranovsky variety), iceberg lettuce and oat husk. For these plants, the concentration of reducing substances reached 25.0, 28.4 and 26.9 g/l, under the yield of reducing substances from the substrate mass of 75.0, 85.2 and 80.7%, respectively. Therefore, the high reactivity of these plant materials makes them prospective candidates for further biotechnological processing. Other investigated plant materials require optimization of the alkaline delignification stage to increase their reactivity to enzymatic hydrolysis.
{"title":"Selection of herbaceous cellulose-containing raw materials for biotechnological processing","authors":"E. K. Gladysheva, V. Budaeva, E. A. Skiba, E. I. Kashcheeva, V. N. Zolotuhin","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-310-317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-310-317","url":null,"abstract":"The use of cellulose-containing plant materials for obtaining bioproducts comprises a relevant research direction in the field of sustainable economic development. Herbaceous cellulose-containing raw materials are among the most widespread and easily renewable resources. In this study, we set out to identify herbaceous cellulose-containing raw materials suitable for biotechnological processing among the following plants: cane, miscanthus (Soranovsky variety), water hyacinth, iceberg lettuce, Sudan grass, oat husk, flax straw (Linum usitatissimum L.). Preliminary chemical treatment of raw materials was carried out by the conventional method of alkaline delignification at atmospheric pressure. The obtained substrates were converted into a solution of reducing sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis. The method of alkaline delignification of initial raw materials was found to be suitable for obtaining products with the cellulose mass content of 82.9–93.1% by the Kurschner method. This conversion rate can be considered a good indicator for further enzymatic hydrolysis. According to the results of enzymatichydrolysis of alkaline delignification products, the highest reactivity to enzymatic hydrolysis was demonstrated by the alkaline delignification products of miscanthus (Soranovsky variety), iceberg lettuce and oat husk. For these plants, the concentration of reducing substances reached 25.0, 28.4 and 26.9 g/l, under the yield of reducing substances from the substrate mass of 75.0, 85.2 and 80.7%, respectively. Therefore, the high reactivity of these plant materials makes them prospective candidates for further biotechnological processing. Other investigated plant materials require optimization of the alkaline delignification stage to increase their reactivity to enzymatic hydrolysis.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75007379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-283-290
A. Lipin, A. G. Lipin
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used as an environmentally friendly bleaching agent in synthetic detergents. This strong oxidizing agent is incompatible with some other detergent components, such as enzymes. This problem can be solved by encapsulating SPC, whose delayed release will allow the enzymes to function with maximum efficiency before deactivation in the presence of SPC. Therefore, the selection of a coating material and the coating layer thickness seems to be a relevant research direction. In this work, SPC granules were encapsulated by spraying a sodium silicate solution through a pneumatic nozzle over a fluidized layer of granules. Encapsulated SPC samples with the coating content of 5, 8, 10 and 13% of the mass of the initial product were obtained. The dissolution kinetics of the obtained capsules under static and dynamic conditions was studied. At the relative coating mass of 5, 8, 10 and 13%, the dissolution time under dynamic conditions comprised 10, 14, 19 and 30 min, respectively. In order to predict the release of the active component from encapsulated SPC under the conditions different from those used in the conducted experiments, a mathematical model of this process was obtained. For parametric identification of the mathematical model by solving an inverse problem, the value of the effective diffusion coefficient of SPC through the capsule was found to be 1·10-10 m2/s. The calculated and experimental values of SPC release from the encapsulated granules showed good agreement.
{"title":"Application of a protective coating on sodium percarbonate particles in a fluidized bed apparatus","authors":"A. Lipin, A. G. Lipin","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-283-290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-283-290","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium percarbonate (SPC) is used as an environmentally friendly bleaching agent in synthetic detergents. This strong oxidizing agent is incompatible with some other detergent components, such as enzymes. This problem can be solved by encapsulating SPC, whose delayed release will allow the enzymes to function with maximum efficiency before deactivation in the presence of SPC. Therefore, the selection of a coating material and the coating layer thickness seems to be a relevant research direction. In this work, SPC granules were encapsulated by spraying a sodium silicate solution through a pneumatic nozzle over a fluidized layer of granules. Encapsulated SPC samples with the coating content of 5, 8, 10 and 13% of the mass of the initial product were obtained. The dissolution kinetics of the obtained capsules under static and dynamic conditions was studied. At the relative coating mass of 5, 8, 10 and 13%, the dissolution time under dynamic conditions comprised 10, 14, 19 and 30 min, respectively. In order to predict the release of the active component from encapsulated SPC under the conditions different from those used in the conducted experiments, a mathematical model of this process was obtained. For parametric identification of the mathematical model by solving an inverse problem, the value of the effective diffusion coefficient of SPC through the capsule was found to be 1·10-10 m2/s. The calculated and experimental values of SPC release from the encapsulated granules showed good agreement.","PeriodicalId":20601,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81446502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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