Contributory factors that lead to increase of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Capricorn district of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Abstract

Introduction: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains the most prevalent source of pediatric HIV infections. The prevalence of HIV is high among South African women of reproductive age, and the transmission of HIV from mothers to children is a serious concern. The study explored contributory factors, which lead to an increase in mother-to-child transmission of HIV at selected clinics in Capricorn district of Limpopo Province. Material and methods: The study adopted a qualitative descriptive exploratory design to uncover factors leading to MTCT of HIV. The target population were professional nurses trained in primary healthcare. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample eighteen participants from Seshego Zone clinics in Capricorn district. Unstructured interviews were conducted and audio-recorded. The transcribed data was analyzed using Tesch’s’ method of data analysis, and presented in themes and sub-themes. Ethical considerations were ensured throughout the study as well as trustworthiness of findings. Results: The study revealed that poor socio-economic status, traditional and religious beliefs, and lack of knowledge of patients were the major factors contributing to an increase of MTCT of HIV as well as system-related factors. However, the study indicated high knowledge about MTCT and HIV among the nurses. Conclusions: The study revealed that patient-related factors cause high prevalence of MTCT of HIV. For community health awareness, it is highly recommended to encourage women to abandon their beliefs in order to promote PMTCT.