Molecular testing in the diagnosis of melanocytic tumors

Jeffrey P. North
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) are molecular techniques that have become valuable adjuncts in the diagnosis of histopathologically ambiguous melanocytic tumors. These techniques detect the presence of chromosomal gains or losses that are characteristic of malignant transformation in melanocytic neoplasms. CGH and FISH have been used to characterize distinct genomic characteristics of melanocytic tumors at various anatomic sites and tumors with certain histopathologic features (e.g. spitzoid, blue nevus-like, congenital nevi). Recent developments in this field include the transition of CGH from a research tool to a clinically available test and a new FISH probe set targeting chromosomal loci 11q13, 8q24, 6p25 and 9p21 that reportedly distinguishes melanoma from melanocytic nevi with a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 98% respectively. Genomic analysis of melanocytic tumors also provides prognostic information. This review discusses these new advances in molecular diagnostics in melanoma and future directions in the field.

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分子检测在黑色素细胞肿瘤诊断中的应用
荧光原位杂交(FISH)和比较基因组杂交(CGH)是分子技术,已成为有价值的辅助诊断组织病理不明确的黑色素细胞肿瘤。这些技术检测存在的染色体增益或损失是恶性转化的特征在黑色素细胞肿瘤。CGH和FISH已被用于表征不同解剖部位的黑色素细胞肿瘤和具有某些组织病理学特征的肿瘤(如spitzoid,蓝色痣样,先天性痣)的独特基因组特征。该领域的最新进展包括CGH从研究工具向临床测试的转变,以及针对染色体位点11q13、8q24、6p25和9p21的新的FISH探针集,据报道,该探针集区分黑色素瘤和黑素细胞痣的灵敏度和特异性分别为94%和98%。黑素细胞肿瘤的基因组分析也提供预后信息。本文就黑色素瘤分子诊断的新进展及未来发展方向进行综述。
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