Forcing vine regrowth to delay ripening and its association to changes in the hormonal balance

A. Pou, P. Balda, A. Albacete, F. Toda
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

The quality and typicality of wines, strongly depends on the management techniques used for grapevine cultivation. Actually, the increment in the average world temperature due to climate change induces not only bigger irrigation necessities, but also earlier grape-ripening processes, which take place in warmer days and shorter nights. Thus, with the aim of delaying grape ripeness of at least two months, a technique has been proposed based on forcing vine regrowth. This technique consists on forcing vine regrowth from the formed latent buds after cutting the green shoots between the second and the third node; lateral shoots, leaves, and primary clusters are also removed. In this study, a forcing treatment was carried out at three different phenological stages (G, I and J). Depending on the phenological stage of vines during the forcing treatment, we wanted to determine the berry ripening delay and to explore how this mechanical pruning interacts with the hormonal balance to modulate bud growth just before shoot decapitation (Control) and later, within the following 7 and 14 days after cutting the green shoots. Forcing treatments carried out at stages G, I and J succeeded to delay ripening 18, 27 and 45 days respectively, as compared to unforced plants. Vine yield was significantly reduced in all treatments as compared to control plants, resulting in a high level of acidity in berries which might be associated with the loss of flowers, a reduction in the fruit set percentage or a combination of both. Endogenous cytokinin (CK) content in control latent buds decreased during the vine vegetative cycle. Contrarily, abscisic acid (ABA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) increased, while minor changes were found in the concentration of gibberellins (GAs), salicylic acid (SA) and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxilic acid (ACC). Moreover, a clear modification of the hormonal balance was found in latent buds 7 and 14 days after forcing regrowth. CK content significantly increased while ABA rapidly decreased after pruning in all treatments. Thus, vine regrowth from the formed latent buds might have been upregulated by CK and promoted by the absence of ABA.
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迫使藤蔓再生延迟成熟及其与激素平衡变化的关系
葡萄酒的品质和典型性在很大程度上取决于葡萄种植的管理技术。实际上,气候变化导致的全球平均气温上升,不仅导致灌溉需求增加,还导致葡萄成熟过程提前,白天更暖和,夜晚更短。因此,以延迟葡萄成熟至少两个月为目标,已经提出了一种基于强迫葡萄藤再生的技术。这种技术包括在切断第二节和第三节之间的绿芽后,迫使葡萄藤从形成的潜伏芽中再生;侧枝,叶,和原丛也被移除。在这项研究中,在三个不同的物候阶段(G、I和J)进行了强制处理。根据强制处理期间葡萄藤的物候阶段,我们想要确定浆果成熟的延迟时间,并探索这种机械修剪如何与激素平衡相互作用,以调节芽的生长,在芽被砍掉之前(对照)以及在剪下绿芽后的7天和14天内。与未催熟植株相比,G、I和J期催熟分别延迟了18、27和45天。与对照植株相比,所有处理下的葡萄产量都显著降低,导致浆果酸度高,这可能与花的损失、坐果率的降低或两者的结合有关。对照潜芽中内源细胞分裂素(CK)含量在藤本植物营养循环过程中下降。相反,脱落酸(ABA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量增加,赤霉素(GAs)、水杨酸(SA)和乙烯前体1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)含量变化较小。此外,在强制再生后7天和14天的潜伏芽中发现了明显的激素平衡变化。各处理修剪后CK含量显著升高,ABA含量迅速降低。因此,可能CK上调了葡萄从形成的潜伏芽中再生,并在缺乏ABA的情况下促进了葡萄的再生。
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