Effect of clinical and physiological indicators on the productivity of animal meat breeds

Abstract

Purpose. Study of the correlation dependence of clinical and physiological parameters of animals of the Kalmyk and Russian hornless breeds and meat productivity. Materials and Methods. Experimental studies were carried out on the basis of the farm "VolgoDonAgro" LLC (Volgograd region) using classical and modern zootechnical, biochemical and other methods. Object of research: young animals of Russian hornless and Kalmyk breeds. Feed diets were made taking into account the level of average daily gains of 950-1000 g. The calculation of the components was corrected using the KormOptimaExpert program. Studies of the chemical and biochemical composition of the blood of experimental young animals were carried out in the laboratories of VRIMMP (Volgograd), Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst (Podolsk, Moscow region). The level of specific immunoglobulins was determined by the Mancini method. All the results obtained during the experiment were processed by the methods of variation statistics using the Excel (Microsoft, USA) and Statistica 10.0 (Stat Soft Inc., USA) software package. Results. An increased content of hematological parameters in young animals of the Russian hornless breed was established in comparison with animals of the Kalmyk breed: erythrocytes – by 6.79% (P>0.95), leukocytes – by 0.37%, hemoglobin – by 1.26% (P>0.95), as well as lysozyme activity – by 0.36% (P>0.95), bactericidal – by 1.19% (P>0.99), phagocytic – by 0.86% (P>0.95) respectively. The superiority of young bulls of the Russian hornless breed in terms of the level of immunoglobulins in the blood serum was: LgG – 5.87% (P>0.95), LgM – 5.38% (P>0.95), LgA – 13.16% (P>0.99) respectively. During the period of the experiment, the animals of the Russian hornless breed gained 231.02 kg of live weight, and the analogues of the Kalmyk breed – 207.87 kg. The mass of young bulls of the Russian hornless breed is 10.02% higher compared to the Kalmyk analogues (P>0.99). The correlation coefficient of erythrocytes with live weight was higher in animals of the Russian hornless breed compared to Kalmyk breed analogues by 0.05%, leukocytes with live weight – by 0.03% and hemoglobin with live weight – by 0.05%, respectively. Conclusion. Animals of the Russian hornless breed were characterized by higher hematological parameters, immunoglobulins of all studied types within the physiological norm, and hence increased metabolic processes occurring in their body.