A Minimally Invasive Approach for Cardiac Electrophysiology Studies in Mice

M. Zi, S. Abraham, A. D’Souza, D. Hutchings, S. Prehar, Xin Wang, E. Cartwright
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Abstract

Review A Minimally Invasive Approach for Cardiac Electrophysiology Studies in Mice Min Zi , * , Sabu Abraham , Alicia D'souza , David Hutchings , Sukhpal Prehar , Xin Wang , and Elizabeth J Cartwright Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom * Correspondence: min.zi@manchester.ac.uk     Received: 6 January 2023 Accepted: 9 February 2023 Published: 25 March 2023   Abstract: Atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are commonly seen in clinic. Different approaches have been developed to investigate underlying mechanisms. Transvenous approach (TA) is widely used for studies but has several drawbacks. We therefore developed a novel minimally invasive approach (MIA) for mechanistic studies. Study included 27 male C57BL/6J mice, 19 for MIA and 8 for TA. Under general anaesthesia, ECG was recorded. A key hole was made on the right first intercostal space by separating the intercostal muscles, followed by the exposure of the superior vena cava and the top of the atrium. An EPR-800 catheter was inserted vertically, perpendicular to the chest, for atrial pacing and flatly over the ventricles for ventricular pacing. Burst S1–S1 and decremental S1–S2 pacing protocols were performed to evaluate SA recovery time (SNRT), the atrioventricular node effective refractory period (AVN-ERP), Wenckebach period, ventricular ERP, and arrhythmia susceptibility. MIA was successfully performed in all 19 mice without any complications. One mouse died during TA due to venous rupture. Compared MIA with TA, surgical time were significantly shorter (P<0.0001). Wenckebach period was shorter as well (P<0.05). No difference was found in baseline sinus cycle length, SNRT, correct SNRT, AVN-ERP, ventricular ERP, and arrhythmia susceptibility (all P>0.05). The novel MIA outplays TA by providing similar outcomes of PES but consuming less time, demanding less surgical expertise, and reducing the potential of surgical complications. Given the minimal tissue injury, it also provides great potential as a recovery procedure for longitudinal study.
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一种用于小鼠心脏电生理研究的微创方法
emin Zi, *, Sabu Abraham, Alicia D'souza, David Hutchings, Sukhpal Prehar, Xin Wang, Elizabeth J cartwright,英国曼彻斯特大学生物医学与健康学院心血管科学分科,曼彻斯特M13 9PL *通讯:min.zi@manchester.ac.uk收稿:2023年1月6日接受:2023年2月9日发表:摘要:房颤和室性心动过速是临床上常见的两种疾病。已经开发了不同的方法来研究潜在的机制。经静脉入路(TA)广泛用于研究,但有几个缺点。因此,我们开发了一种新的微创入路(MIA)用于机制研究。研究对象为27只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,其中MIA 19只,TA 8只。在全身麻醉下,记录心电图。通过分离肋间肌,在右侧第一肋间隙开一个关键孔,然后暴露上腔静脉和心房顶部。垂直插入EPR-800导管,垂直于胸部,用于心房起搏,平放于心室上方,用于心室起搏。采用Burst S1-S1和递减S1-S2起搏方案评估SA恢复时间(SNRT)、房室结有效不应期(AVN-ERP)、Wenckebach期、心室ERP和心律失常易感性。19只小鼠均成功行MIA,无并发症。1只小鼠因静脉破裂死亡。相比于MIA和TA,手术时间明显缩短(P0.05)。新型MIA优于TA,因为它提供了与PES相似的结果,但花费的时间更短,需要的手术专业知识更少,并且减少了手术并发症的可能性。考虑到最小的组织损伤,它也为纵向研究提供了巨大的潜力。
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