Structural variations and their adaptive significances in the bones of some migratory and resident birds

Namram Sushindrajit Singh, Iadalangki Bamon, Anand Shanker Dixit, Ramita Sougrakpam
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

We investigated variations in the shape and size of some bones and their adaptive significances in both sexes of the migratory yellow breasted bunting (Emberiza aureola Pallas, 1773) and resident house sparrow (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) and tree sparrow (Passer montanus Linnaeus, 1758). Measurements of the large bones like skull, beak, orbit, sternum, coracoid, scapula, femur, tibiotarsus, humerus and metatarsus were recorded to find out variations in their measurements. The skull, cranial and sternum indices were also calculated. An attempt was also made to correlate the structural differences of these bones between migratory and nonmigratory species and also between sexes with their adaptive significances. Principal component analysis indicated 84.79% of the total variance. Discriminant function analysis shows distinct separation in the bone lengths between the resident and migratory birds while there was little overlap between the sexes. The proportion of original grouped cases correctly classified was found to be 95.0%. Migratory bunting showed significantly longer sternum, tibiotarsus, femur and humerus beside a higher sternum when compared to those of resident sparrows. On the other hand, beak width, sternum width and indices of cranium and sternum, were more in resident sparrows. Thus, our studied birds seem to possess species specific adaptations by modifying their bones to fit their modes of living and conditions for better endurance and performance.

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一些候鸟和留鸟骨骼的结构变异及其适应意义
本文研究了迁徙的黄胸猎(Emberiza aureola Pallas, 1773)、家雀(Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758)和树雀(Passer montanus Linnaeus, 1758)在两性中某些骨骼形状和大小的变化及其适应意义。测量了颅骨、喙、眼眶、胸骨、喙、肩胛骨、股骨、胫跗骨、肱骨和跖骨等大骨,以找出其测量值的变化。计算颅骨、颅骨和胸骨指数。人们还试图将这些骨骼在迁徙和非迁徙物种之间以及两性之间的结构差异与它们的适应意义联系起来。主成分分析表明总方差为84.79%。判别函数分析表明,留鸟和候鸟的骨长度有明显的差异,而两性之间的骨长度几乎没有重叠。原始分组病例正确分类的比例为95.0%。候鸟的胸骨、胫跗骨、股骨和肱骨明显长于留鸟,胸骨较高。另一方面,鸟喙宽度、胸骨宽度和头盖骨和胸骨指数均以居麻雀居多。因此,我们研究的鸟类似乎具有物种特有的适应性,通过修改它们的骨骼来适应它们的生活方式和条件,以获得更好的耐力和表现。
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审稿时长
47 weeks
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