A Method for Distinguishing Flight Calls of Several Western Birds

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Western Birds Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI:10.21199/wb54.3.5
C. Mathers-Winn, D. Leick, Kate Stone
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Abstract

Billions of birds migrate under the cover of darkness, making them difficult to detect except by calls given in flight. Recording and identifying these calls can document the species of birds passing overhead and provide an index to their numbers. However, flight calls of some species are quite similar and difficult to tell apart. We investigated a method of identifying calls of several species whose calls are difficult to distinguish: the Solitary (Tringa solitaria) versus Spotted (Actitis macularius) Sandpipers and the White-crowned (Zonotrichia leucophrys) versus Brewer’s (Spizella breweri) and Clay-colored (S. pallida) Sparrows. We generated audiospectrograms of diurnal flight calls of known identity and inspected these for qualitative criteria by which the calls could be distinguished without the need for measurements or statistical software. We then tested the efficacy of these criteria on a new set of previously identified flight calls. Consideration of multiple criteria allowed identification of ~50% of one of the two types of sandpiper calls analyzed and ~60% of the sparrow calls, so a significant fraction remained unidentifiable by this method. Nevertheless, we hope researchers and sound recordists will apply this guide to improve our understanding of migration throughout western North America. We also encourage recordists to contribute additional visually verified recordings to allow us or others to perform similar tests on other species and species groups.
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几种西方鸟类飞行叫声的鉴别方法
数十亿只鸟在黑暗的掩护下迁徙,这使得它们除了在飞行中发出的叫声外很难被发现。记录和识别这些叫声可以记录飞过头顶的鸟类的种类,并提供它们数量的索引。然而,一些物种的飞行叫声非常相似,很难区分。我们研究了一种识别几种难以区分的物种的叫声的方法:孤鹬(Tringa solitaria)与斑点鹬(Actitis macularius),白冠雀(Zonotrichia leucophrys)与布鲁尔麻雀(Spizella breweri)和泥色麻雀(S. pallida)。我们生成了已知身份的每日飞行呼叫的声谱图,并检查了这些定性标准,通过这些标准可以在不需要测量或统计软件的情况下区分呼叫。然后,我们在一组新的先前确定的飞行呼叫上测试了这些标准的有效性。考虑到多种标准,在分析的两种矶鹬叫声中,有50%被识别出来,有60%的麻雀叫声被识别出来,因此有很大一部分无法通过这种方法识别出来。尽管如此,我们希望研究人员和录音师将应用这一指南来提高我们对整个北美西部移民的理解。我们还鼓励记录员提供额外的视觉验证记录,以便我们或其他人对其他物种和物种组进行类似的测试。
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来源期刊
Western Birds
Western Birds Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
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