SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ECOLOGICALLY SAFE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS BASED ON N-VINYLAMIDE

Abstract

The article provides a rationale for the synthesis of environmentally friendly water-soluble polymers based on N-vinyl amide, used in various technological processes. The relevance of the work is associated with solving environmental problems of creating biodegradable materials and minimizing the negative impact of polymer materials on the environment. The aim of the work was to synthesize and characterize polymers based on N-vinylamide. The conditions for the synthesis of poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, poly-N-vinylcaprolactam, poly-N-vinylformamide and polyacrylamide, including the temperature and time of synthesis, have been developed. Alcohols of various structures, hexane and distilled water were used as solvents; thermal initiation was carried out using dinitrile azo-bis-isobutyric acid. The viscosity average molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of the obtained polymers were calculated. Polymers with molecular weights from 10,000 to 94,000 were obtained by radical polymerization. Polymers of the poly-N-vinylamide series are characterized by the presence of a hydration shell consisting of several layers. The structure of the hydration shell of poly-N-vinylcaprolactam, in which water molecules form hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl group of the polymer, is presented. To characterize the polymers, the IR spectra of their aqueous solutions were obtained, and the assignment of absorption bands in the obtained spectra was given. The synthesized polymers have good complexing ability, which expands the possibilities of their application for the extraction of inorganic and organic substances.