Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-68-86
V. Kalaev, S. S. Karpova, F. R. H. Al-Khachami, I. V. Ignatova, V. Slavskiy
The article discuss the results of cytogenetic studies of seed offspring of walnut (Juglans regia L.), which is an introduced species in the Voronezh region. Modern ideas about the level of adaptation of introduced plants should be based on an assessment of the cytological foundations of heredity of seed progeny. This will make possible to reveal the level of stability of the genetic system of plants growing outside the habitat conditions usual for a given species. Nuts of the 2017 harvest were collected from mother plants of 30-35 years of age of seed origin, growing on private farmsteads in Voronezh. To study the cytogenetic characteristics, squashed preparations were prepared according to the standard technique. The following cytogenetic characteristics were studied in the root meristem of seed seedlings: mitotic activity, cell fractions at various stages of mitosis, the level and spectrum of mitosis pathologies, the size of nucleoli and the spectrum of their types, and the occurrence of cells with a persistent nucleolus at the stage of metaphase, anaphase and telophase of mitosis. Statistical data processing was performed using the statistical software package Stadia 7.0 Professional (InCo, Russia) and MedCalc 17.5.3. (MedCalc Software, Osten, Belgium). The presence of three polymorphic groups of seedlings according to the studied cytogenetic parameters was revealed: mutable (with a high level of pathological mitosis), low-mutable (with a low level of cytogenetic disorders), and intermediate. The cytogenetic characteristics for each of the selected groups of seedlings were described in detail. The mechanisms of homeostasis maintaining at the cellular level are discussed for above polymorphic groups. A small proportion of seedlings with a high level of cytogenetic abnormalities (7.5 %) and the predominance of seedlings with average (70 %) and low (22.5 %) values of pathological mitoses indicate a high degree of adaptation of the parent trees of the introduced walnut to the environmental conditions of the Voronezh region. Using ROC-analysis, predictors have been established for assigning any seedling to one of the selected model groups (mutable or low mutable). These predictors were: the proportions of cells at the prophase and metaphase stages, the level of pathological mitoses with and without prophase, the frequency of vacuolated and compact nucleoli. The obtained data of cytogenetic studies can be used to develop recommendations for improving the system of seed production and selection of new forms of walnuts.
{"title":"VARIABILITY OF CYTOGENETIC INDICATORS OF SEED OFFSPRING OF WALNUT (JUGLANS REGIA L.) DURING INTRODUCTION IN THE VORONEZH REGION","authors":"V. Kalaev, S. S. Karpova, F. R. H. Al-Khachami, I. V. Ignatova, V. Slavskiy","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-68-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-68-86","url":null,"abstract":"The article discuss the results of cytogenetic studies of seed offspring of walnut (Juglans regia L.), which is an introduced species in the Voronezh region. Modern ideas about the level of adaptation of introduced plants should be based on an assessment of the cytological foundations of heredity of seed progeny. This will make possible to reveal the level of stability of the genetic system of plants growing outside the habitat conditions usual for a given species. Nuts of the 2017 harvest were collected from mother plants of 30-35 years of age of seed origin, growing on private farmsteads in Voronezh. To study the cytogenetic characteristics, squashed preparations were prepared according to the standard technique. The following cytogenetic characteristics were studied in the root meristem of seed seedlings: mitotic activity, cell fractions at various stages of mitosis, the level and spectrum of mitosis pathologies, the size of nucleoli and the spectrum of their types, and the occurrence of cells with a persistent nucleolus at the stage of metaphase, anaphase and telophase of mitosis. Statistical data processing was performed using the statistical software package Stadia 7.0 Professional (InCo, Russia) and MedCalc 17.5.3. (MedCalc Software, Osten, Belgium). The presence of three polymorphic groups of seedlings according to the studied cytogenetic parameters was revealed: mutable (with a high level of pathological mitosis), low-mutable (with a low level of cytogenetic disorders), and intermediate. The cytogenetic characteristics for each of the selected groups of seedlings were described in detail. The mechanisms of homeostasis maintaining at the cellular level are discussed for above polymorphic groups. A small proportion of seedlings with a high level of cytogenetic abnormalities (7.5 %) and the predominance of seedlings with average (70 %) and low (22.5 %) values of pathological mitoses indicate a high degree of adaptation of the parent trees of the introduced walnut to the environmental conditions of the Voronezh region. Using ROC-analysis, predictors have been established for assigning any seedling to one of the selected model groups (mutable or low mutable). These predictors were: the proportions of cells at the prophase and metaphase stages, the level of pathological mitoses with and without prophase, the frequency of vacuolated and compact nucleoli. The obtained data of cytogenetic studies can be used to develop recommendations for improving the system of seed production and selection of new forms of walnuts.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85133266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-250-261
A. Chajka
It is customary to check the effectiveness of antidepressant substances in preclinical experimental tests on key days, often weekly [1, 2], or according to the “before-after” scheme [3], without taking into account the daily dynamics of behavior. Such studies are typical, to a greater extent, for the clinic and practically have no analogues when working with laboratory animals. Understanding how specific treatments for depression affect not only quantitatively on certain days, but also qualitatively on the dynamics of symptoms of the disease in general, will help to see the big picture and better select antidepressants and predict their effectiveness. The study of the fundamental rhythmological features of the course of depressive disorders is also an important issue because the endogenous part of the biological clock system makes it possible to predict future stress effects and to react homeostatically to them proactively, and not only reactively [4]. It has been established that the organism of animals (including humans) is characterized by rhythmic fluctuations of functional parameters, rhythmic disturbances of which can lead to a decrease in adaptive capabilities, maladjustment and the development of various diseases [5]. In the modern literature there are a number of works proving the participation of biorhythms in the pathogenesis of depression [6–8] and the presence of rhythmic changes in the manifestation of symptoms of this disease [9–11]. Much is known and written about circadian rhythms, which has contributed to a better understanding of how the physiology of living organisms’ changes over the course of twenty-four hours. It is less clear whether and how physical and mental parameters in animals change on a larger time scale [12]. It is only recently that attention has been paid to the study of not only circadian (≤ 28 h), but also longer infradian biorhythms, which is promising for the development of chronobiological approaches to the diagnosis and correction of somatic and mental diseases [13]. Moreover, most biorhythmological studies are devoted to assessing the body’s reactions to the impact of various factors of meteorological and geomagnetic nature [14], but not factors of a mental and chemical nature. The experiments were carried out on 60 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g, divided into 6 equal groups (n = 10): “control 3”, “stress 2”, “haloperidol 2”, “stress + amitriptyline”, “haloperidol + amitriptyline” and “stress + haloperidol”. Also, the final biorhythmological analysis included data from previous studies, which had already been partially published earlier [15, 16]: groups (n = 10) “control 1”, “control 2”, “stress 1” and “haloperidol 1” — in order to check the reproducibility of the data and reduce the likelihood of the influence of random (atypical) fluctuations on the final conclusions. The “stress” groups were subjected to chronic, unpredictable mild stress for 21 days, according to the previously described method [
{"title":"INFRADIAN RHYTHMS OF DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN RATS","authors":"A. Chajka","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-250-261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-250-261","url":null,"abstract":"It is customary to check the effectiveness of antidepressant substances in preclinical experimental tests on key days, often weekly [1, 2], or according to the “before-after” scheme [3], without taking into account the daily dynamics of behavior. Such studies are typical, to a greater extent, for the clinic and practically have no analogues when working with laboratory animals. Understanding how specific treatments for depression affect not only quantitatively on certain days, but also qualitatively on the dynamics of symptoms of the disease in general, will help to see the big picture and better select antidepressants and predict their effectiveness. The study of the fundamental rhythmological features of the course of depressive disorders is also an important issue because the endogenous part of the biological clock system makes it possible to predict future stress effects and to react homeostatically to them proactively, and not only reactively [4]. It has been established that the organism of animals (including humans) is characterized by rhythmic fluctuations of functional parameters, rhythmic disturbances of which can lead to a decrease in adaptive capabilities, maladjustment and the development of various diseases [5]. In the modern literature there are a number of works proving the participation of biorhythms in the pathogenesis of depression [6–8] and the presence of rhythmic changes in the manifestation of symptoms of this disease [9–11]. Much is known and written about circadian rhythms, which has contributed to a better understanding of how the physiology of living organisms’ changes over the course of twenty-four hours. It is less clear whether and how physical and mental parameters in animals change on a larger time scale [12]. It is only recently that attention has been paid to the study of not only circadian (≤ 28 h), but also longer infradian biorhythms, which is promising for the development of chronobiological approaches to the diagnosis and correction of somatic and mental diseases [13]. Moreover, most biorhythmological studies are devoted to assessing the body’s reactions to the impact of various factors of meteorological and geomagnetic nature [14], but not factors of a mental and chemical nature. The experiments were carried out on 60 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g, divided into 6 equal groups (n = 10): “control 3”, “stress 2”, “haloperidol 2”, “stress + amitriptyline”, “haloperidol + amitriptyline” and “stress + haloperidol”. Also, the final biorhythmological analysis included data from previous studies, which had already been partially published earlier [15, 16]: groups (n = 10) “control 1”, “control 2”, “stress 1” and “haloperidol 1” — in order to check the reproducibility of the data and reduce the likelihood of the influence of random (atypical) fluctuations on the final conclusions. The “stress” groups were subjected to chronic, unpredictable mild stress for 21 days, according to the previously described method [","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85417590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-262-270
S. Chmeleva, E. Dzheldubaeva, K. N. Tumanyants
The purpose of this research was to study the effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMP) of the millimeter (mm) range (wavelength – 7.1 mm, radiation frequency – 42.3 GHz, radiation power flux density – 0.1 mW / cm2, exposure 30 minutes, once) on the pigment composition and photosynthetic activity of juvenile plants of Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Selyanka, under osmotic stress caused by chloride salinity. To measure the intensity of photosynthesis, we used the assimilation flask method according to L. A. Ivanov and N. L. Kossovich, a colorimetric method was used to determine the amount of chlorophyll in wheat plants. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out using the Kruskell-Walliss test of reliability. All measurements and studies were carried out on equipment that passed metrological verification and expertise. The results of the study indicate that under the influence of low-intensity EMR of the MM range, the indicators of the amount of chlorophylls increase by 51.8 % compared to plants under osmotic stress; and compared with the control, the accumulation of chlorophyll increases by 23.2 %. In addition, the effect of this physical factor has a stimulating effect on the accumulation of chlorophyll and its content was 30.9 %, which is 46.6 % more than in the control variant. The stimulating effect of EMR is also observed at a concentration of 150 mM sodium chloride. With the use of EHF-radiation, the content of chlorophyll was 28.2 % of the mass of raw leaves, by 43.3 % compared to the experimental versions without the use of EHF-radiation. The intensity of photosynthesis under the influence of EHF-radiation increases in relation to the control by 14.0 %. Thus, a positive effect of low-intensity EMM of the mm range on the pigment composition and photosynthetic activity of Triticum aestivum L. both under optimal conditions and under conditions of osmotic stress has been established. The results obtained on the quantitative content of chlorophylls showed that their content increased both under normal conditions and under osmotic stress by an average of 20 %. An increase in the intensity of photosynthesis in experimental plants was established by 30.0 % in comparison with control plants under osmotic stress.
本研究旨在研究毫米波(波长- 7.1 mm，辐射频率- 42.3 GHz，辐射功率密度- 0.1 mW / cm2，照射30 min, 1次)低强度电磁辐射(EMP)对氯盐渗透胁迫下小麦(Triticum aestivum L.， Selyanka)幼苗色素组成和光合活性的影响。为了测量光合作用的强度，我们采用了L. a . Ivanov和N. L. Kossovich的同化烧瓶法，并采用比色法测定了小麦植株的叶绿素含量。采用Kruskell-Walliss信度检验对所得数据进行统计处理。所有的测量和研究都是在通过计量检定和专业知识的设备上进行的。研究结果表明，在MM范围内低强度EMR的影响下，叶绿素含量指标较渗透胁迫下植株提高了51.8%;与对照相比，叶绿素积累量增加23.2%。此外，该物理因子的作用对叶绿素积累有刺激作用，其含量为30.9%，比对照变体增加46.6%。在150mm氯化钠浓度下也观察到EMR的刺激作用。使用超高频辐射处理后，叶绿素含量为生叶质量的28.2%，比未使用超高频辐射处理的实验版本提高了43.3%。超高频辐射影响下的光合作用强度比对照提高了14.0%。由此可见，在最优条件下和渗透胁迫条件下，mm范围的低强度EMM对小麦色素组成和光合活性均有积极影响。叶绿素含量测定结果表明，在正常条件下和渗透胁迫下，叶绿素含量平均增加20%。在渗透胁迫下，实验植株的光合作用强度比对照植株提高了30.0%。
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF LOW-INTENSITY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF THE MILLIMETER RANGE ON THE PIGMENTAL COMPOSITION AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. UNDER CHLORIDE SALINATION","authors":"S. Chmeleva, E. Dzheldubaeva, K. N. Tumanyants","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-262-270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-262-270","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to study the effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMP) of the millimeter (mm) range (wavelength – 7.1 mm, radiation frequency – 42.3 GHz, radiation power flux density – 0.1 mW / cm2, exposure 30 minutes, once) on the pigment composition and photosynthetic activity of juvenile plants of Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Selyanka, under osmotic stress caused by chloride salinity. To measure the intensity of photosynthesis, we used the assimilation flask method according to L. A. Ivanov and N. L. Kossovich, a colorimetric method was used to determine the amount of chlorophyll in wheat plants. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out using the Kruskell-Walliss test of reliability. All measurements and studies were carried out on equipment that passed metrological verification and expertise. The results of the study indicate that under the influence of low-intensity EMR of the MM range, the indicators of the amount of chlorophylls increase by 51.8 % compared to plants under osmotic stress; and compared with the control, the accumulation of chlorophyll increases by 23.2 %. In addition, the effect of this physical factor has a stimulating effect on the accumulation of chlorophyll and its content was 30.9 %, which is 46.6 % more than in the control variant. The stimulating effect of EMR is also observed at a concentration of 150 mM sodium chloride. With the use of EHF-radiation, the content of chlorophyll was 28.2 % of the mass of raw leaves, by 43.3 % compared to the experimental versions without the use of EHF-radiation. The intensity of photosynthesis under the influence of EHF-radiation increases in relation to the control by 14.0 %. Thus, a positive effect of low-intensity EMM of the mm range on the pigment composition and photosynthetic activity of Triticum aestivum L. both under optimal conditions and under conditions of osmotic stress has been established. The results obtained on the quantitative content of chlorophylls showed that their content increased both under normal conditions and under osmotic stress by an average of 20 %. An increase in the intensity of photosynthesis in experimental plants was established by 30.0 % in comparison with control plants under osmotic stress.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88962840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-127-134
K. Leshchukov, V. Masalov, O. Sein, A. Mamaev, M. Katalnikova
The most complete realization of the genetic potential is possible only in healthy animals with healthy offspring. At the same time, as practice shows, a significant part of newborn calves have various pathologies associated with genetically determined disorders, the procedure of calving, drinking the first portion of colostrum, etc. The situation is complicated by the fact that in the first weeks and months of life, due to violations of the technology of cultivation and management at the complex, calves show clinical signs associated with bacterial and viral damage to the body against a background of weak immunity. Therefore, the cultivation of healthy young animals is one of the most pressing problems in dairy farming. The effect of a biocomplex of free L-amino acids in the form of an aqueous amino acid solution NOMAR148-R on the dynamics of live weight and indicators of functional homeostasis of heifers of a black-and-white Holstein breed was studied. The positive effect of this feed additive on the dynamics of the average daily increase in live weight of calves up to 6 months of age, protein metabolism and indicators of functional homeostasis has been established, which is confirmed by the results of studying the activity of indicator enzymes of transamination.The use of water-amino acid solution NOMAR148-R in the rearing of young cattle under the age of 2 months contributes to an increase in the rate of absolute increase in live weight of calves by an average of 11.1 %, while the average daily increase increases by an average of 24.2 %; when using the feed additive «ZEO-AMINO» at the age of 2 to 4 months, an increase in the rate of absolute live weight gain was established by an average of 15.4 %, the average daily increase in heifers increased by an average of 13.3 %; at the age of 4 to 6 months, an increase in the rate of absolute live weight gain was established by an average of 17.2 %, the average daily increase in heifers increased by an average of 5.7 %. The study of the processes of growth and development of animals, the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, as well as the activity of indicator enzymes of transamination allows us to testify that the use of the feed supplement «ZEO-AMINO» in the cultivation of young cattle contributes to an increase in the use of feed proteins, activates a number of vital functions associated with the participation of globulins in the transport of lipids, including cholesterol, steroid hormones, vitamins, as well as the performance of transport and protective functions by globulins, being factors of specific and nonspecific immunity in the normal course of physiological processes and ensuring functional homeostasis.
{"title":"GROWTH DYNAMICS AND INDICATORS OF FUNCTIONAL HOMEOSTASIS IN YOUNG CATTLE WHEN INTRODUCING A BIOCOMPLEX INTO THE DIET OF FREE L-AMINO ACIDS","authors":"K. Leshchukov, V. Masalov, O. Sein, A. Mamaev, M. Katalnikova","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-127-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-127-134","url":null,"abstract":"The most complete realization of the genetic potential is possible only in healthy animals with healthy offspring. At the same time, as practice shows, a significant part of newborn calves have various pathologies associated with genetically determined disorders, the procedure of calving, drinking the first portion of colostrum, etc. The situation is complicated by the fact that in the first weeks and months of life, due to violations of the technology of cultivation and management at the complex, calves show clinical signs associated with bacterial and viral damage to the body against a background of weak immunity. Therefore, the cultivation of healthy young animals is one of the most pressing problems in dairy farming. The effect of a biocomplex of free L-amino acids in the form of an aqueous amino acid solution NOMAR148-R on the dynamics of live weight and indicators of functional homeostasis of heifers of a black-and-white Holstein breed was studied. The positive effect of this feed additive on the dynamics of the average daily increase in live weight of calves up to 6 months of age, protein metabolism and indicators of functional homeostasis has been established, which is confirmed by the results of studying the activity of indicator enzymes of transamination.The use of water-amino acid solution NOMAR148-R in the rearing of young cattle under the age of 2 months contributes to an increase in the rate of absolute increase in live weight of calves by an average of 11.1 %, while the average daily increase increases by an average of 24.2 %; when using the feed additive «ZEO-AMINO» at the age of 2 to 4 months, an increase in the rate of absolute live weight gain was established by an average of 15.4 %, the average daily increase in heifers increased by an average of 13.3 %; at the age of 4 to 6 months, an increase in the rate of absolute live weight gain was established by an average of 17.2 %, the average daily increase in heifers increased by an average of 5.7 %. The study of the processes of growth and development of animals, the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, as well as the activity of indicator enzymes of transamination allows us to testify that the use of the feed supplement «ZEO-AMINO» in the cultivation of young cattle contributes to an increase in the use of feed proteins, activates a number of vital functions associated with the participation of globulins in the transport of lipids, including cholesterol, steroid hormones, vitamins, as well as the performance of transport and protective functions by globulins, being factors of specific and nonspecific immunity in the normal course of physiological processes and ensuring functional homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89025654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-289-297
A. Yasenyavskaya, L. Andreeva, N. Myasoedov, O. Bashkina, M. Samotrueva
In recent years studies devoted to the study of the mechanisms of regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes are of particular interest in connection with the active development of molecular medicine. Stress caused by various biological, social and technogenic factors is an integral part of modern human life and is a non-specific reaction of the body to various extreme influences. Despite the formation of adaptive mechanisms under stress in the form of generalized activation of the body, focusing of attention and memory, stress-induced analgesia, under conditions of intense and prolonged influence of a negative factor, the central nervous system loses its ability to adapt and the processes of neurogenesis are often disturbed as a result of distress. This fact explains the development of stress-induced pathological processes in the central nervous system, which emphasizes the relevance of the search and study of the mechanisms of action of pharmacological agents exhibiting stress-protective and neurotropic properties. Melanocortins (N-terminal fragments of adrenocorticotropic hormone, fragments of proopiomelanocortin and their synthetic analogs) are characterized by pronounced neurometabolic, neuroregenerative and antistress activity. One of the possible mechanisms of action of melanocortins is the influence on the levels of expression in the central nervous system of neurotrophic factors that provide the main processes of regulation of homeostasis of the body. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) which is able to reduce the negative effects of hypoxic, toxic and stressful damage to brain cells, which is due to binding to tyrosine kinase B receptor and activation of the main metabolic cascades, is one of the effective regulatory proteins. Taking into account the fact that the question of the mechanisms of the stress-protective action of substances capable of protecting brain cells from the damaging effect of stress factors is relevant, the study of the effect of melanocortins on the level of neurotrophic factors is of scientific interest. The study was carried out on 70 male white rats of 6 months of age. Sensory contact in the absence of physical contact with the subsequent formation of aggressive and submissive types of behavior was used as an experimental model of «social» stress. Laboratory animals, taking into account the gradation by types of behavior, were divided into groups: a group of control / intact animals; a group of rats exposed to «social» stress for 20 days; a group of individuals who received Semax (ACTH(4-7)-Pro-Gly-Pro) at a dose of 100 μg / kg / day intraperitoneally from the 1st day of stress exposure for a course of 20 days; a group of animals that received ACTH(6-9)-Pro-Gly-Pro at a dose of 100 μg/kg/day intraperitoneally from day 1 of stress exposure for a course of 20 days. The BDNF level in the blood serum of white rats was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ELISA Kit for Brain
{"title":"BDNF-MEDIATED MECHANISM OF ANTI-STRESS EFFECT OF MELANOCORTINS","authors":"A. Yasenyavskaya, L. Andreeva, N. Myasoedov, O. Bashkina, M. Samotrueva","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-289-297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-289-297","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years studies devoted to the study of the mechanisms of regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes are of particular interest in connection with the active development of molecular medicine. Stress caused by various biological, social and technogenic factors is an integral part of modern human life and is a non-specific reaction of the body to various extreme influences. Despite the formation of adaptive mechanisms under stress in the form of generalized activation of the body, focusing of attention and memory, stress-induced analgesia, under conditions of intense and prolonged influence of a negative factor, the central nervous system loses its ability to adapt and the processes of neurogenesis are often disturbed as a result of distress. This fact explains the development of stress-induced pathological processes in the central nervous system, which emphasizes the relevance of the search and study of the mechanisms of action of pharmacological agents exhibiting stress-protective and neurotropic properties. Melanocortins (N-terminal fragments of adrenocorticotropic hormone, fragments of proopiomelanocortin and their synthetic analogs) are characterized by pronounced neurometabolic, neuroregenerative and antistress activity. One of the possible mechanisms of action of melanocortins is the influence on the levels of expression in the central nervous system of neurotrophic factors that provide the main processes of regulation of homeostasis of the body. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) which is able to reduce the negative effects of hypoxic, toxic and stressful damage to brain cells, which is due to binding to tyrosine kinase B receptor and activation of the main metabolic cascades, is one of the effective regulatory proteins. Taking into account the fact that the question of the mechanisms of the stress-protective action of substances capable of protecting brain cells from the damaging effect of stress factors is relevant, the study of the effect of melanocortins on the level of neurotrophic factors is of scientific interest. The study was carried out on 70 male white rats of 6 months of age. Sensory contact in the absence of physical contact with the subsequent formation of aggressive and submissive types of behavior was used as an experimental model of «social» stress. Laboratory animals, taking into account the gradation by types of behavior, were divided into groups: a group of control / intact animals; a group of rats exposed to «social» stress for 20 days; a group of individuals who received Semax (ACTH(4-7)-Pro-Gly-Pro) at a dose of 100 μg / kg / day intraperitoneally from the 1st day of stress exposure for a course of 20 days; a group of animals that received ACTH(6-9)-Pro-Gly-Pro at a dose of 100 μg/kg/day intraperitoneally from day 1 of stress exposure for a course of 20 days. The BDNF level in the blood serum of white rats was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ELISA Kit for Brain ","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75773312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-30-42
M. V. Gorbaneva, T. S. Kolmacova, E. Baier, N. Grigoryan
In the modern reality children and adolescents who find themselves in difficult life situations face many stress factors, which cause significant tension and rapid exhaustion of their adaptive reserves. The aim of this research is to study the level of formation of biomedical and psychological components of adaptive capacity of orphans and the correlations between these parameters. The following tasks were set: Analyze the structure of the incidence of children and adolescents living in social type institutions. Estimate the level of physiological and psychological adaptive potential of this kind of children. Determine the relationship between the physiological and psychological components of the adaptive potential. The research involved in total 30 children staying in social institutions in the city Azov, the Azov district of the Rostov region at the age of 9–13 years old – 14 person and at the age of 14–17 years old – 16 person. During this research, we came to the following conclusions: 1. For modern children and adolescents staying in institutions of a social type, a high level of general morbidity and a tendency to chronization of somatic diseases are characteristic; 2. A low-level of functional reserves of organisms of pupils staying in institutions of a social type is formed due to the high excitability of nervous processes, supported by sympathetic activation; — Children’s reactions are characterized by redundancy of vegetative response in reply to various incentives (psychoemotional or physical) and, as a rule, inadequacy of vegetative support of physical or mental activity; 3. Most of children and adolescents under study showed cognitive distortions with the formation of either a victim position or aggressive self-assertion, which in both cases leads to a decrease in adaptive potential; 4. A weak nervous system predisposes to the consolidation of such personal qualities as emotional vulnerability and sensitivity, while a strong nervous system contributes to the formation of an overly active struggle for self-affirmation in orphans; 5. Revealed correlations between the basic convictions of children and such components of the adaptive personal potential as neuropsychic stability, communicative potential and moral normativity. In connection with the above outlined, it is planned to create an algorithm for express diagnostics of maladjustment degree of children and adolescents and the selection of a complex for their medical, psychological and pedagogical rehabilitation.
{"title":"CORRELATION RELATIONSHIPS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF THE ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN INSTITUTIONS OF SOCIAL TYPE","authors":"M. V. Gorbaneva, T. S. Kolmacova, E. Baier, N. Grigoryan","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-30-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-30-42","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern reality children and adolescents who find themselves in difficult life situations face many stress factors, which cause significant tension and rapid exhaustion of their adaptive reserves. The aim of this research is to study the level of formation of biomedical and psychological components of adaptive capacity of orphans and the correlations between these parameters. The following tasks were set: Analyze the structure of the incidence of children and adolescents living in social type institutions. Estimate the level of physiological and psychological adaptive potential of this kind of children. Determine the relationship between the physiological and psychological components of the adaptive potential. The research involved in total 30 children staying in social institutions in the city Azov, the Azov district of the Rostov region at the age of 9–13 years old – 14 person and at the age of 14–17 years old – 16 person. During this research, we came to the following conclusions: 1. For modern children and adolescents staying in institutions of a social type, a high level of general morbidity and a tendency to chronization of somatic diseases are characteristic; 2. A low-level of functional reserves of organisms of pupils staying in institutions of a social type is formed due to the high excitability of nervous processes, supported by sympathetic activation; — Children’s reactions are characterized by redundancy of vegetative response in reply to various incentives (psychoemotional or physical) and, as a rule, inadequacy of vegetative support of physical or mental activity; 3. Most of children and adolescents under study showed cognitive distortions with the formation of either a victim position or aggressive self-assertion, which in both cases leads to a decrease in adaptive potential; 4. A weak nervous system predisposes to the consolidation of such personal qualities as emotional vulnerability and sensitivity, while a strong nervous system contributes to the formation of an overly active struggle for self-affirmation in orphans; 5. Revealed correlations between the basic convictions of children and such components of the adaptive personal potential as neuropsychic stability, communicative potential and moral normativity. In connection with the above outlined, it is planned to create an algorithm for express diagnostics of maladjustment degree of children and adolescents and the selection of a complex for their medical, psychological and pedagogical rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74158336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-316-322
M. Samotrueva, A. K. Azhikova, M. Sergalieva
It is known that preparations of plant origin occupy a special place and are characterized by a unique chemical composition, a wide spectrum of action, effectiveness in prolonged use, lack of toxicity and side effects, availability according to the criteria of resource supply and renewable. The issue of the phytochemical study of medicinal vegetal raw materials and the production of a complex of biologically active substances from it for further introduction into pharmaceutical practice remains relevant. From these positions, the Ginkgo biloba L. plant is of scientific interest as the richest source of biologically active compounds that have a polyfunctional effect on the body. The Ginkgo biloba L. relict plant is a promising raw material for use in phytotherapy. Most biologically active substances are concentrated in leaves. Unique chemical composition of Ginkgo leaves determines a wide range of its pharmacological and physiological properties. Bioflavonoids are known among biologically active Ginkgo bioflavonoids – quercetin, isoramnetin, kempferol, flavonoid glycosides – ginkgetin, bilobetin, myricetin, triterpene lactones gingcolide and bilobalide, organic acids, amino acids (thymine, asparagine), essential oils. However, information on the quantitative content of biologically active compounds in Ginkgo leaves is not enough. In this regard, it is of scientific interest to study the sum of flavonoids in the extract of dried leaves of the Ginkgo biloba L. plant. The purpose of this work was to quantify the content of the sum of flavonoid glycosides in the dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., which grows in the Krasnodar Territory Russian Federation. To identify the content of flavonoids in water-alcohol extracts (with a different ratio of water to ethyl alcohol) of Ginkgo biloba leaves, a method was used to quantify the sum of flavonoid glycosides in plant raw materials. In the course of the study, in order to establish optimal (technological) conditions for the quantitative determination (quantitative identification) of the sum of flavonoids in the Ginkgo biloba L. raw material, a series of experiments were carried out to extract air-dried, ground leaves of this plant with ethyl alcohol (an aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol), as an extractant of various concentrations. In the course of comparative analysis of the sum of flavonoids extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves in water-alcohol extracts with different concentration of ethyl alcohol (40 %, 60 %, 70 % and 80 % solutions), it was revealed that the highest yield of the sum of flavonoids is observed under the action of extractant – 60 % aqueous ethanol solution. The obtained experimental data of the flavonoid composition indicate a significant content of flavonoids in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, which determines a wide range of physiological and pharmacological activity of the plant. The studied plant source is a promising raw material for further development of new effective dosage forms. Ginkg
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES SUM CONTENT IN LEAVES OF GINKGO BILOBA L.","authors":"M. Samotrueva, A. K. Azhikova, M. Sergalieva","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-316-322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-316-322","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that preparations of plant origin occupy a special place and are characterized by a unique chemical composition, a wide spectrum of action, effectiveness in prolonged use, lack of toxicity and side effects, availability according to the criteria of resource supply and renewable. The issue of the phytochemical study of medicinal vegetal raw materials and the production of a complex of biologically active substances from it for further introduction into pharmaceutical practice remains relevant. From these positions, the Ginkgo biloba L. plant is of scientific interest as the richest source of biologically active compounds that have a polyfunctional effect on the body. The Ginkgo biloba L. relict plant is a promising raw material for use in phytotherapy. Most biologically active substances are concentrated in leaves. Unique chemical composition of Ginkgo leaves determines a wide range of its pharmacological and physiological properties. Bioflavonoids are known among biologically active Ginkgo bioflavonoids – quercetin, isoramnetin, kempferol, flavonoid glycosides – ginkgetin, bilobetin, myricetin, triterpene lactones gingcolide and bilobalide, organic acids, amino acids (thymine, asparagine), essential oils. However, information on the quantitative content of biologically active compounds in Ginkgo leaves is not enough. In this regard, it is of scientific interest to study the sum of flavonoids in the extract of dried leaves of the Ginkgo biloba L. plant. The purpose of this work was to quantify the content of the sum of flavonoid glycosides in the dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., which grows in the Krasnodar Territory Russian Federation. To identify the content of flavonoids in water-alcohol extracts (with a different ratio of water to ethyl alcohol) of Ginkgo biloba leaves, a method was used to quantify the sum of flavonoid glycosides in plant raw materials. In the course of the study, in order to establish optimal (technological) conditions for the quantitative determination (quantitative identification) of the sum of flavonoids in the Ginkgo biloba L. raw material, a series of experiments were carried out to extract air-dried, ground leaves of this plant with ethyl alcohol (an aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol), as an extractant of various concentrations. In the course of comparative analysis of the sum of flavonoids extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves in water-alcohol extracts with different concentration of ethyl alcohol (40 %, 60 %, 70 % and 80 % solutions), it was revealed that the highest yield of the sum of flavonoids is observed under the action of extractant – 60 % aqueous ethanol solution. The obtained experimental data of the flavonoid composition indicate a significant content of flavonoids in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, which determines a wide range of physiological and pharmacological activity of the plant. The studied plant source is a promising raw material for further development of new effective dosage forms. Ginkg","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79526748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-101-111
S. Klychenkov, A. Kruchinina, L. Bichurina
Recently, the problem of bacteriological resistance has become more and more urgent. The antibiotics used in medical practice are constantly becoming obsolete due to the acquisition of resistance by pathogenic microorganisms, therefore there is an ever-increasing need to search for new antimicrobial drugs of various nature. A promising line of research in this area is the study of the antibacterial activity of protein molecules. Over the past two decades, a lot of data has accumulated showing the wide distribution of antimicrobial peptides among almost all living organisms. This article studied the antibacterial activity of peptide fractions weighing less than 5 kDa obtained from honey of two varieties — buckwheat and mixed origin, as well as the similar activity of various solutions of the same honey samples. The following methods were sequentially applied for isolation and purification of peptide fractions: ultrafiltration — to obtain a solution containing molecules with a mass of less than 5 kDa; ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose for purification of the peptide fraction from low molecular weight impurities (carbohydrates, pigments, phenols, etc.) and gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 to desalt the obtained peptide fraction from the buffer solution. Determination of antibacterial activity was carried out using the disk diffusion method with antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritis obtained from patients with various bacterial infections in chronic and acute forms. In the studied samples, the concentration of peptides, carbohydrates in ketosis and hydrogen peroxide was measured. The results obtained indicate that among the studied solutions of honey, buckwheat has the highest antibacterial activity, which is associated with an increased content of hydrogen peroxide. The study of the antagonistic activity of peptide fractions against test cultures showed that low molecular weight peptides obtained from the studied honey samples do not have an antibacterial effect against the used strains of microorganisms. Apparently, this is due to the absence of low molecular weight antimicrobial peptides in the obtained fractions. Probably, antimicrobial peptides weighing less than 5 kDa are completely absent in bee honey.
{"title":"ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BEE HONEY AND ITS PEPTIDE FRACTIONS","authors":"S. Klychenkov, A. Kruchinina, L. Bichurina","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-101-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-101-111","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the problem of bacteriological resistance has become more and more urgent. The antibiotics used in medical practice are constantly becoming obsolete due to the acquisition of resistance by pathogenic microorganisms, therefore there is an ever-increasing need to search for new antimicrobial drugs of various nature. A promising line of research in this area is the study of the antibacterial activity of protein molecules. Over the past two decades, a lot of data has accumulated showing the wide distribution of antimicrobial peptides among almost all living organisms. This article studied the antibacterial activity of peptide fractions weighing less than 5 kDa obtained from honey of two varieties — buckwheat and mixed origin, as well as the similar activity of various solutions of the same honey samples. The following methods were sequentially applied for isolation and purification of peptide fractions: ultrafiltration — to obtain a solution containing molecules with a mass of less than 5 kDa; ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose for purification of the peptide fraction from low molecular weight impurities (carbohydrates, pigments, phenols, etc.) and gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 to desalt the obtained peptide fraction from the buffer solution. Determination of antibacterial activity was carried out using the disk diffusion method with antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritis obtained from patients with various bacterial infections in chronic and acute forms. In the studied samples, the concentration of peptides, carbohydrates in ketosis and hydrogen peroxide was measured. The results obtained indicate that among the studied solutions of honey, buckwheat has the highest antibacterial activity, which is associated with an increased content of hydrogen peroxide. The study of the antagonistic activity of peptide fractions against test cultures showed that low molecular weight peptides obtained from the studied honey samples do not have an antibacterial effect against the used strains of microorganisms. Apparently, this is due to the absence of low molecular weight antimicrobial peptides in the obtained fractions. Probably, antimicrobial peptides weighing less than 5 kDa are completely absent in bee honey.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89440828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-112-126
V. Kulagina, S. S. Ryazanov, R. R. Shagidullin, A. Alexandrova
Assessment of organic carbon stocks in soils and other components of ecosystems are becoming increasingly important as a necessary reference point for a reliable determination of the amount of greenhouse gas removals at country scale. The gradual tightening of carbon balance requirements dictates the urgency of the problem under consideration. The aim of the work was to assess the stocks of organic carbon in the soils of the islands of the Kazan region of the variable backwater of the Kuibyshev reservoir in the 0–20 cm layer, and also to determine which type of soils makes the greatest contribution to the sequestration of carbon. The reserves of organic carbon in the soils of the islands of the Kuibyshev water reservoir were determined in the area from the Zelenodolsk – Nizhnie Vyazovye bridge (55°49’27.1 «N; 48°31’05.6″E) to the islands in front of the Teteyevo village (55°24’11.8 «N; 49°07’59.6» E). Surveys of the islands’ soil cover and selection of the soil samples were carried out in 2018-2019. The calculation of the organic carbon content was carried out for the 0–20 cm layer. The calculations took into account the total carbon content in the organogenic, organic-mineral and mineral horizons. It was found that the highest carbon content in the upper soil layer was observed in the profile of marsh-podzolic soils – 51.7 t / ha. The lowest organic carbon content was noted in sod-alluvial soils (12.0 t / ha) and artificial sandy deposits (3.8 t / ha). Carbon stocks in soil profiles and proportion of carbon in organogenic horizons increased with increasing of hydromorphic properties in the following row: 1) sod-podzolic soil < marsh-podzolic soil; 2) light gray forest soil < gray forest gley soil; 3) sod-alluvial soil < alluvial meadow-marsh soil < marsh-alluvial soil. The total reserves of organic carbon in the islands’ soils were calculated taking into account the areas occupied by individual soil contours. The total stock of organic carbon in the 0–20 cm layer of the studied area of the water reservoir was 49,190.9 tons. About 83 % of the total stock of organic carbon stored in the form of humus of accumulative mineral horizons and only 17 % in the organogenic and organic-mineral horizons. It was shown that alluvial meadow-marsh (23,125.9 t) and sod-podzolic soils (8,957.5 t), occupying the largest areas on the territory of the islands, make the largest contribution to the organic carbon reserves. An interesting point is that on the islands of floodplain origin, a greater contribution to the total humus reserves was made by soils with pronounced hydromorphic properties – alluvial meadow-marsh soils and alluvial meadow soils. On the islands of terrace origin, the bulk of carbon was concentrated in automorphic soils. A possible reason is the features of the islands’ relief of different origins. Reasonable data on the rate of organic carbon accumulation were obtained only for alluvial marsh soils, the organogenic horizon of which was formed afte
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS IN THE SOIL COVER OF ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS OF THE KUIBYSHEVSK WATER RESERVOIR","authors":"V. Kulagina, S. S. Ryazanov, R. R. Shagidullin, A. Alexandrova","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-112-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-112-126","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of organic carbon stocks in soils and other components of ecosystems are becoming increasingly important as a necessary reference point for a reliable determination of the amount of greenhouse gas removals at country scale. The gradual tightening of carbon balance requirements dictates the urgency of the problem under consideration. The aim of the work was to assess the stocks of organic carbon in the soils of the islands of the Kazan region of the variable backwater of the Kuibyshev reservoir in the 0–20 cm layer, and also to determine which type of soils makes the greatest contribution to the sequestration of carbon. The reserves of organic carbon in the soils of the islands of the Kuibyshev water reservoir were determined in the area from the Zelenodolsk – Nizhnie Vyazovye bridge (55°49’27.1 «N; 48°31’05.6″E) to the islands in front of the Teteyevo village (55°24’11.8 «N; 49°07’59.6» E). Surveys of the islands’ soil cover and selection of the soil samples were carried out in 2018-2019. The calculation of the organic carbon content was carried out for the 0–20 cm layer. The calculations took into account the total carbon content in the organogenic, organic-mineral and mineral horizons. It was found that the highest carbon content in the upper soil layer was observed in the profile of marsh-podzolic soils – 51.7 t / ha. The lowest organic carbon content was noted in sod-alluvial soils (12.0 t / ha) and artificial sandy deposits (3.8 t / ha). Carbon stocks in soil profiles and proportion of carbon in organogenic horizons increased with increasing of hydromorphic properties in the following row: 1) sod-podzolic soil < marsh-podzolic soil; 2) light gray forest soil < gray forest gley soil; 3) sod-alluvial soil < alluvial meadow-marsh soil < marsh-alluvial soil. The total reserves of organic carbon in the islands’ soils were calculated taking into account the areas occupied by individual soil contours. The total stock of organic carbon in the 0–20 cm layer of the studied area of the water reservoir was 49,190.9 tons. About 83 % of the total stock of organic carbon stored in the form of humus of accumulative mineral horizons and only 17 % in the organogenic and organic-mineral horizons. It was shown that alluvial meadow-marsh (23,125.9 t) and sod-podzolic soils (8,957.5 t), occupying the largest areas on the territory of the islands, make the largest contribution to the organic carbon reserves. An interesting point is that on the islands of floodplain origin, a greater contribution to the total humus reserves was made by soils with pronounced hydromorphic properties – alluvial meadow-marsh soils and alluvial meadow soils. On the islands of terrace origin, the bulk of carbon was concentrated in automorphic soils. A possible reason is the features of the islands’ relief of different origins. Reasonable data on the rate of organic carbon accumulation were obtained only for alluvial marsh soils, the organogenic horizon of which was formed afte","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73511034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-3-239-249
D. Khusainov, E. Chuyan, I. I. Korenyuk, V. L. Ablyakimova
The neurotropic effects of cobalt and nickel salicylate were studied during perfusion of rat hippocampal sections with solutions of these salts at concentrations of 10-2 M, 10-3 M, 10-4 M and 10-6 M. The results of this study convincingly demonstrate that the formation of complex salts of acetylsalicylic acid with divalent metals cobalt and nickel leads to changes in neurotropic effects with varying degrees of severity. In the case of nickel salicylate, there is a decrease in the severity of the depressing neurotropic effect compared with acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids [16]. And in the case of cobalt salicylate at a concentration of 10-4 M, an activation effect is manifested. We believe that this is due to the influence of the whole complexon, since a high degree of stability is shown for cobalt salicylate, especially in an aqueous solution [10]. And this salt should remain fairly stable. In this regard, it is natural to assume that cobalt salicylate is capable of triggering other processes compared to acids and, perhaps, the mechanism of its action is less strongly associated with the COX system. The observed activation effect may be associated with a direct stimulating effect on the nerve cell and/or the result of synchronization of excitation in neural networks. It should be noted that the neurotropic effects of cobalt salicylate revealed in this work coincide in their orientation with the effect of this salt on the functioning of neurons of the subcaryngeal ganglia complex of the grape snail [10]. This indicates the uniformity of the mechanisms of influence of this salt on the nervous tissue of invertebrates and vertebrates. For nickel salicylate, only a weakening of the inhibitory effect is shown in comparison with the precursor acids, perhaps the stability constant of this salt is not high and its noticeable dissociation occurs. As a result, the released residues of acetylsalicylic acid will block COX, which will trigger a mechanism of neurotropic influence close to the effects of salt solutions, the effects of which were described earlier [16]. The contribution of nickel ions will be insignificant, because its mass fraction in the salt molecule is small. From the position of ionic mechanisms, we believe that the inhibition of the generation of total biopotentials by the studied salts is most likely associated with the suppression of the incoming sodium current. And the stimulating effect of cobalt salicylate in a concentration of 10-4 M, on the contrary, with its stimulation (relief). Also, the described effects can be realized as a result of modulation of synaptic interaction in neural networks. Elucidation of these biophysical mechanisms is a priority task of our further research. And also, the most important question remains open about the possible change in the effects of these salts with different injections of substances into the body: oral, intramuscular, intravenous, etc.
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