기존 경영자 관리인(Dip) 제도의 회생기업 경영성과에 대한 영향 (The Effect of the Dip on the Business Performances of Rehabilitated Corporates)

IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q2 LAW American Bankruptcy Law Journal Pub Date : 2017-12-19 DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3090112
Y. Choi
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Abstract

Korean Abstract: 통합도산법(2006년 시행)에서 원칙적으로 회생기업의 기존 경영자가 법정 관리인이 되는 기존 경영자 관리인(DIP) 제도를 시행한지 10년이 넘어가는 동안 동 제도의 개선 필요성이 꾸준히 제기되고 있다. 한편으로는 기존 경영자가 경영권을 박탈당하지 않도록 하여 신속한 회생절차를 밟을 수 있는 측면이 있었던 반면 입법 취지와는 달리 동 제도를 채무면탈, 경영권 유지라는 목적으로 악용한 사례도 적지 않았다. 이에 따라 학계, 국회, 금융권 등에서 동 제도의 개선이 필요하다는 주장이 꾸준히 제기되고 있다. 한편 경제학적인 관점에서 정상기업을 대상으로 기업지배구조가 경영성과 등에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있는 반면 회생기업의 지배구조가 동 기업의 경영성과 등에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 찾아볼 수 없었다. 따라서 본 고에서는 회생기업의 지배구조라고 할 수 있는 DIP 제도가 회생기업의 경영성과 등에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보았다. 기업지배구조와 기업의 경영성과 간의 내생성 문제를 극복하기 위해 성향점수(propensity score)법을 주된 분석방법으로 하여 분석해 본 결과 DIP 제도를 적용받은 기업들의 기회주의적 이익조정행위는 감소한 것으로 나타났으나 경영성과 측면에서는 DIP 제도를 적용받은 기업들의 실적이 그렇지 않은 기업에 비해 더 악화되거나 통계적으로 차이가 나지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 DIP 제도를 적용받는 기업이 법원의 통제로 인해 이익조정행위를 할 수 없었으나 기업회생을 위한 노력은 부족했음을 시사한다. 이는 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시한다. 첫째, DIP 제도 시행 이후 기업회생을 신청한 기업수가 크게 증가하고 있으나 DIP 제도 적용기업의 경영성과가 뚜렷이 개선되고 있는 모습이 보이지 않으므로 기업구조조정이라는 큰 틀에서 동 제도의 개선을 위한 노력이 필요하다고 보인다. 둘째, 좀 더 구체적인 관점에서 기존 경영자의 도덕적 해이를 억제할 수 있도록 법, 제도 측면에서 채권자 협의회 기능의 강화 및 신용평가사, 투자회사 등 시장참가자들의 채무자 감시 능력을 향상시킬 필요가 있겠다. English Abstract: It has been 10 years since implementation of the Debtor in Possession (DIP), under which in principle the original management becomes legal administrators under the Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act. While this institution prevents original management from being deprived of their management rights and thus helps the corporates to go through prompt rehabilitation procedures, there have been more than a few cases of abuse of the institution in order to obtain debt relief and maintain control over the corporates. Accordingly, opinions calling for improvement of the institution have been steadily raised, in academia, the National Assembly and the financial sector. Meanwhile, there have been a number of papers from the economics perspective on the effects of corporate governance on the business performances of normal firms. However, it is hard to find studies of such effects on the performances of rehabilitated corporates. This paper has therefore analyzed the effects on rehabilitated firms’ business results of the DIP, which could be regarded as a form of corporate governance of them. To deal with the issue of endogeneity between corporate governance and firms’ business performances, we have used propensity score analysis as our main analysis methodology. According to our analysis, opportunistic profit adjustment practices of corporations have declined under the DIP. However, the business performances of the corporates rehabilitated under the DIP have either worsened compared to those of firms without the DIP application or there have been no significant statistical differences between them. These results imply that corporates under the DIP have been unable to adjust their profits due to the court’s control, but that their efforts to rehabilitate themselves have been insufficient. This result has the following implications. First, since the DIP was implemented, the number of firms that have applied for corporate rehabilitation has surged, but as there have been no remarkable improvements in the business performances of corporations under the DIP, such that it is necessary to make efforts to enhance the DIP from the overall standpoint of corporate restructuring. Second, from a more detailed perspective, in order to keep management’s moral hazard in check, it is necessary to strengthen the function of the creditors committee as well as enhance the abilities of market participants including sovereign credit rating agencies and investment companies to monitor the debtors.
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(The Effect of The Dip on The Business Performances of Rehabilitated Corporates)
Korean Abstract:在《综合破产法》(2006年实行)中,原则上实行回生企业的现有经营者担任法定管理人的现有经营者管理(DIP)制度已经过了10年,因此不断有人提出改善该制度的必要性。另外,为了不让现有的经营者被剥夺经营权,可以迅速进入回生程序,但与立法宗旨相反,将该制度恶意利用为逃避债务、维持经营权的事例也不少。对此,学界、国会、金融圈等不断提出有必要改善该制度的主张。另外,从经济学角度看,以正常企业为对象,对企业支配结构对经营成果等产生的影响进行了很多研究,但却找不到回生企业的支配结构对该企业的经营成果等产生的影响的研究。因此,本高中分析了可称为回生企业支配结构的DIP制度对回生企业的经营成果等产生的影响。企业支配结构和企业的经营成果之间的内生为克服性问题倾向分数(propensity score)法为主要的分析方法,分析结果被采取dip制度企业的机会主义이익조정行为虽然出现减少,但经营成果方面,适用dip制度是企业的业绩,否则企业相比,更加恶化或没有统计上的差异——编者注】。这样的结果表明,虽然适用DIP制度的企业因法院的控制,无法进行利益调整行为,但是对于企业回生的努力却不足。这给了我们以下启示。第一,实行DIP制度以后,申请企业回生的企业数虽然大幅增加,但是适用DIP制度的企业的经营成果并没有明显的改善,因此在企业结构调整的大框架下,有必要为改善该制度而努力。第二,从更具体的观点出发,为抑制现有经营者的道德败坏现象,有必要从法律、制度方面加强债权人协议会的功能,并提高信用评价公司、投资公司等市场参与者对债务人的监视能力。english abstract:It has been 10 years since implementation of the Debtor in Possession (DIP);under which in principle the original management becomes legal administrators under the Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act。While this institution prevents original management from being deprived of their management rights and thus helps the corporates to go through prompt rehabilitation procedures;there have been more than a few cases of abuse of the institution in order to obtain debt relief and maintain control over the corporates。Accordingly, opinions calling for improvement of the institution have been steadily raised, in academia, the National Assembly and the financial sector。there have been a number of papers from the economics perspective on the effects of corporate governance on the business performances of normal firms。However, it is hard to find studies of such effects on the performances of rehabilitated corporates。This paper has therefore analyzed the effects on rehabilitated firms ' business results of the DIP, which could be regarded as a form of corporate governance of them。To deal with the issue of endogeneity between corporate governance and firms ' business performances, we have used propensity score analysis as our main analysis methodology。According to our analysis, opportunistic profit adjustment practices of corporations have declined under the DIP。however,the business performances of the corporates rehabilitated under the DIP have either worsened compared to those of firms without the DIP application or there have been no significant statisticaldifferences between them。These results imply that corporates under the DIP have been unable to adjust their profits due to the court ' s control, but that their efforts to rehabilitate themselves have been insufficient。This result has the following implications。First, since the DIP was implemented, the number of firms that applied for corporate rehabilitation has surged;but as there have been no remarkable improvements in the business performances of corporations under the DIP;such that it is necessary to make efforts to enhance the DIP from the overall standpoint of corporate restructuring。Second, from a more detailed perspective, in order to keep management ' s moral hazard in check;it is necessary to strengthen the function of the creditors committee as well as enhance the abilities of market participants including sovereign credit rating agencies and investment companies tomonitor the debtors。
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