Universality of the phenomenon of «neurotoxicity» (literature review)

A. I. Golovko, Jury Jurievich Ivnitsky, M. B. Ivanov, VL Rejnyuk
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Abstract

Introduction. The neurotoxic effect is considered as one of the variants of the toxicity of many xenobiotics. Neurotoxic effects develop not only in poisoning, but also when exposed to biological (for example, pathogens of infectious diseases) and physical (for example, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation) factors. Materials and methods. The subject of the analysis was the phenomenon of neurotoxicity. The information was obtained by studying the databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, RSCI. Results. The absence of a single definition of the concept of «neurotoxicant» is noted. In addition to chemicals, other factors have neurotoxicity: biological, physical. The mechanisms of neurodegeneration under the influence of neurotoxicants with different mechanisms of action are similar and include excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, suppression of mitochondrial function, inhibition of neurogenesis and gliogenesis, oxidative stress, increased BBB permeability and apoptosis. The presented features allow us to speak about the universality of the phenomenon of «neurotoxicity». Conclusion. When considering the phenomenon of «neurotoxicity», certain difficulties arise. A clear idea of the etiological factors of this phenomenon is not fully formulated. A comprehensive classification of neurotoxicants has not been created. At the same time, the processes of neurodegeneration are very similar in cases of poisoning with neurotoxicants with different mechanisms of action, which proves the universality of the phenomenon of «neurotoxicity».
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“神经毒性”现象的普遍性(文献综述)
介绍。神经毒性作用被认为是许多外源性药物毒性的变体之一。神经毒性不仅在中毒时产生,而且在暴露于生物(例如传染病病原体)和物理(例如电离和非电离辐射)因素时也会产生。材料和方法。分析的主题是神经毒性现象。研究结果来源于Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed、RSCI等数据库。结果。注意到缺乏“神经毒物”概念的单一定义。除了化学物质,其他因素也有神经毒性:生物的、物理的。不同作用机制的神经毒物影响下的神经变性机制相似,包括兴奋性毒性、神经炎症、线粒体功能抑制、神经发生和胶质发生抑制、氧化应激、血脑屏障通透性增加和细胞凋亡。所呈现的特征使我们能够谈论“神经毒性”现象的普遍性。结论。在考虑“神经毒性”现象时,出现了某些困难。对这一现象的病因还没有完全明确的认识。神经毒物的全面分类尚未形成。与此同时,不同作用机制的神经毒物中毒的神经变性过程非常相似,这证明了“神经毒性”现象的普遍性。
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