Correlation Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar

Abstract

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is part of a complex sleep disordered breathing syndrome. OSA is defined by periods of respiratory events such as apneas, hypopneas, or respiratory effort related arousals during sleep, leading to hypoxia, waking during the night, excessive daytime sleepiness and hindering daily activities. In addition, OSA can also cause various systemic complications and even death. The occurrence of OSA is associated with the presence of metabolic disorders that cause type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), with as many as 30% patients with OSA also have type 2 DM. The occurence of OSA are often underdiagnosed, especially in high-risk population. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between type 2 DM with the risk of OSA. Methods: A cross sectional analytic study was conducted from June to August 2022 at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar with a total of 80 respondents. The risk of OSA in the respondents was recorded using the Berlin questionnaire. Results: Of the 80 respondents, there were 33 people with a high risk of OSA and 47 people with a low risk of OSA. Respondents with a high risk of OSA were mostly male (78.6%), with the most ages between 51-60 years (53.6%), had type 2 DM (78.6%), and with nutritional status obese I (60.7%). There is a significant relationship between OSA and type 2 DM with a p-value of 0.019 (<0.05), a prevalence ratio of 3.3 with a 95% confidence interval (1.2-9.0), and a correlation coefficient of 0.254. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between type 2 DM and OSA and is positively correlated. Type 2 DM is a risk factor of OSA, with 3.3 times the risk to develop a high risk OSA compared to patients without type 2 DM.