Prevalence of complications associated with Alzheimer Disease patients in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

A. Alhazzani, M. Alqahtani, A. Awwadh, T. Alyami, M. Alshomrani, M. Alqahtani
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Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative disorder that develops over a period of years that differs from normal aging. One of the most important risk factors is increasing age, and the majority of people with Alzheimer's are 65 years and older. AD reduces life expectancy and is one of the major causes of physical disability, institutionalization, and low quality of life among the elderly. AD is highly related to functional disability and institutionalization. There are many factors associated with AD including physical and behavioural complications. Aim: To assess epidemiological pattern and complications of AD among patients in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study included 110 Alzheimer patients (66 males and 44 females) registered at Aseer Central Hospital, Southern of Saudi Arabia. A pre-structured questionnaire was used for data collection that included patients’ personal characteristics and frequency of exposure to complications associated with Alzheimer disease. Results: About 72% of the patients aged 70 years or older and 60% were males. Almost all of the patients were citizens 97.3% and 62.7% were married. Exact of 56.4% of the patients were illiterate and only few 4.5% were university graduated. Pneumonia was the most frequent complication followed by getting lost, fall down, and bone fracture. Getting lost was significantly more among males than females (P=0.007), while pneumonia was significantly more among patients treated in governmental hospitals (P=0.003). On the other hand, bone fractures and falling down did not differ significantly according to patients’ personal characteristics. Conclusions: The most frequent complications associated with Alzheimer Disease in our study population were pneumonia, getting lost, falling down and bone fractures. Risk factors associated with these complications include male gender for getting lost. Health care providers are advised to provide close care to Alzheimer disease patients.
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沙特阿拉伯阿西尔地区阿尔茨海默病患者的并发症患病率
背景:阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种神经退行性疾病,其病程与正常衰老不同。最重要的风险因素之一是年龄的增长,大多数阿尔茨海默病患者年龄在65岁及以上。阿尔茨海默病降低了预期寿命,是老年人身体残疾、机构化和生活质量低下的主要原因之一。AD与功能性残疾和制度化密切相关。与阿尔茨海默病相关的因素有很多,包括身体和行为并发症。目的:了解沙特阿拉伯阿西尔地区AD患者的流行病学特征及并发症。方法:一项描述性横断面研究包括在沙特阿拉伯南部Aseer中心医院登记的110例阿尔茨海默病患者(66例男性,44例女性)。数据收集使用了一份预先结构化的问卷,其中包括患者的个人特征和阿尔茨海默病相关并发症的暴露频率。结果:70岁及以上患者占72%,男性占60%。绝大多数患者为公民(97.3%),已婚患者占62.7%。56.4%的患者是文盲,只有4.5%的患者是大学毕业生。肺炎是最常见的并发症,其次是迷路、摔倒和骨折。男性比女性更容易迷路(P=0.007),而在公立医院接受治疗的患者更容易患肺炎(P=0.003)。另一方面,骨折和摔倒在患者个人特征上没有显著差异。结论:在我们的研究人群中,与阿尔茨海默病相关的最常见并发症是肺炎、迷路、摔倒和骨折。与这些并发症相关的风险因素包括男性迷路。建议卫生保健提供者为阿尔茨海默病患者提供密切护理。
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