Anthophyllite Asbestos: The Role of Fiber Width in Mesothelioma Induction. Part 4: Mechanistic Considerations regarding the Failure to Observe Anthophyllite Asbestos Mesotheliomas in Humans

E. Ilgren, J. Hoskins
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Anthophyllite is an amphibole mineral formed through a prograde metamorphism of magnesium-rich ultramafic talcose rocks through increasing pressure and temperature and dehydration. The talc and anthophyllite are in phase equilibrium. Anthophyllite asbestos is therefore not a ‘contaminant’ of talc but a product derived from it. Fibrous talc, or so-called transitional fibers, are anthophyllite fibers undergoing retrograde degeneration. In its fibrous asbestiform state, anthophyllite differs in several fundamental ways from other commercially exploited forms of amphibole asbestos of which there are two broad families: monoclinic and orthorhombic. The more common forms of commercial amphibole asbestos such as crocidolite and amosite are monoclinic. The anthophyllites are orthorhombic. The differences between the two crystal systems are reflected at the level of the basic amphibole-structure in a greater overall fiber width dimensional profile and a significant reduction in microstructural strength. Strength reduction most probably arises at the cellular level and is particularly pronounced within the thinner population of fibers. Here microstructural differences, due in significant part to stacking defects in the basic amphibole structure, can account for these observations. The lack of an observed attendant mesothelioma risk following exposure to anthophyllite and transitional fibers in humans is a consequencel of these microstructural features that appear to differentiate them from the equidimensional monoclinic forms of amphibole asbestos such as South African crocidolite and amosite.
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花青石石棉:纤维宽度在间皮瘤诱导中的作用。第4部分:关于未能观察到人类花石石棉间皮瘤的机制考虑
花青石是一种角闪孔矿物,是富镁超镁质滑石岩石在增温增压和脱水作用下渐进变质而形成的。滑石和花青石处于相平衡状态。因此,花青石石棉不是滑石的“污染物”,而是滑石的衍生产品。纤维滑石,或所谓的过渡纤维,是逆行变性的花青石纤维。在纤维石棉状态下,花青石在几个基本方面不同于其他商业开发的角孔石棉形式,其中有两大类:单斜和正交。更常见的商业角闪孔石棉形式,如鳄鱼石和阿莫石是单斜的。花青体是正交的。两种晶体体系之间的差异反映在基本角闪石结构水平上,其总体纤维宽度尺寸剖面更大,微观结构强度显著降低。强度降低最有可能发生在细胞水平,在纤维较薄的群体中尤其明显。在这里,微观结构的差异,在很大程度上是由于基本角闪洞结构中的堆积缺陷,可以解释这些观察结果。人类暴露于花青石和过渡纤维后,未观察到间皮瘤风险,这是这些微观结构特征的结果,这些特征似乎将它们与等维单斜角闪孔石棉(如南非青橄榄石和阿莫子石)区分开来。
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