Scientific aspects of supplying the population with transported water

Abstract

The research was conducted with the purpose of giving the scientific evaluation of the prevalence of supplying the population with transported potable water, its quality, and reveals the problems of regulatory framework in this sphere with the aim to improve the legislation and develop preventive measures for prevention of morbidity of the population. In this research were used following methods: hygienic, chemical, standard searching, and method of expert evaluation. It was determined that according to the data for the 2016, 10 regions of Ukraine are supplied with transported water in tanker due to the absence or deficit of the water of potable quality (8 regions – on the south and south–east, 2 regions – on the west of Ukraine). In order of increasing of the number of human settlements, which are supplied with the transported potable water, mentioned regions can be put in the following row: Zaporizka > Dnipropetrovska > Mykolaivska > Odeska > Donetska > Lvivska > Kyrovogradska > Khersonska > Poltavska > Ivano–Frankivska. Herewith, in order of increasing of the number of population supplied with the transported water can be put in the following row: Mykolaivska > Kyrovogradska > Zaporizka > Odeska > Dnipropetrovska > Khersonska > Donetska > Lvivska > Poltavska > Ivano–Frankivska. Dynamics analysis of potable transported water availability in human settlements of selected regions of Ukraine found that transported potable water intended for drinking in 2009 was used in 11 regions, in 2014 has not been used in Vinnitska and Poltavska region, however, the transportation of potable water started in 2014–2016 in Lvivska region. Were identified problematic regions, where was observed an increase in supply of transported water in recent years: Zaporizka > Dnipropetrovska > Mykolaivska > Odeska > Donetska > Lvivska > Kyrovogradska. It has been established that as for today the quality of transported water is not controlled by the State supervisory authorities. The need of reglamentation of the quality and recommendations on the quantity of transported potable water in emergencies in SanPiN, what is topical issue for Ukraine, was identified. According to the requirements of European legislation the quality of such water must meet the standard for potable tap water (Directive 98/83/EU on water intended for human consumption). According to the data from scientific literature and personal research the minimum quantity of such water per capita in emergencies should be 10 liters a day (5 litres – for hygienic needs and 5 liters – for internal use). However, it is should be taken into account that the regime of limitation of water consumption in considerable heat and/or physical activity conditions should not be applied. Moreover, population should be supplied with enough quantity of potable water for all physiological needs of organism when opportunities are presented. The alternative to transported potable water under appropriate conditions is a usage of mobile points of water purification and bottling of potable water installed in automobile transport, which also have an advantage of possibility to supply the consumers with the potable water in unlimited quantities over an extended period of time. Our classification of transported water was implemented in SanPiN 2.2.4–171–10 and project of new edition of this document. SanPiN 2.2.4–171–10 regulate the requirements to the potable water of improved quality, which is bottled for commercial purpose in personal packaging of consumers from the mobile bottling points (tankers) or is transported to consumer in refillable packaging (packed tare). Quality of transported potable waters, which are usually bottled for commercial purpose, and must have an improved quality, was analyzed. Only 31% among the 129 analyzed packaged potable waters and waters from boiling points were produced for sale from boiling points or in refillable packaging. Quality of 74 from 129 analyzed waters didn’t meet the requirements after the installation of equipment or long–term production. 12 problematic indicators were found in waters after additional treatment of tap potable waters (8 – from surface sources) and 13 – in underground sources. The most frequently detected substance in groundwater was silicon in concentration up to 3,8 MAC (47% of samples) or dry residue in concentration < 100 ml/l (24% of samples), and in additionally treated tap water – chloroform in concentration up to 18 MAC (51% of samples, MAC – 6 µg/l), and/or dry residue in concentration < 100 mg/l (36% of samples). It was confirmed that the schemes of water treatment for potable water from bottling points in personal tare of consumer and packed water are developed without  taking into account the type, quality of source water, and the efficiency of water treatment methods. Scientific novelty of obtained results lies in determination of regularities in supply of the transported potable water in Ukraine at special and temporal scale. It was the first time when the classification of transported waters depending on the quality of potable water and type of tare for transportation to the consumer was developed. Practical value of this research is that it is possible to determine the regions in Ukraine with the potable water shortage, which are transported not with the commercial purpose, and also that several provisions of SanPiN 2.2.4–171–10 «Hygienic requirements to the potable water intended for human consumption» (and their new edition were developed with the objective of implementing of the Directive 98/83/EU on water, intended for human consumption.