This article is devoted to the study of Lake Sukorivshchyna in the Pishchanska united rural community of Novomoskovsk district. When studying the characteristics of the lake, the landscape location, hydrochemical and hydrobiological characteristics, and the degree of their anthropogenic transformation were taken into account. In the conditions of the northern part of the steppe zone of Ukraine, lakes are located exclusively in valley-terrace landscapes, the constituent elements of which differ in the most significant biodiversity. Ecosystems of lakes, despite their considerable similarity, also have many differences: their size and shape, trophic level, and degree and nature of overgrowth with macrophytes. There are examples of typologies of continental bodies of water, including lakes, but for the steppe zone of Ukraine, where the lakes have an insignificant area, and number and ecological differences inherent in water bodies of the steppe zone, a separate typology for them has not been developed. The quality of water at all times has been and is one of the main indicators of the standard of living. Therefore, all developed societies make every effort to provide the population and economy with a sufficient amount of water of a quality that is adequate to the requirements of the consumer. Most of the water comes from natural sources – rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, the water quality of which must not only be assessed, but also predicted. Two main components are responsible for the quality of water in nature – the catchment basin and the ecological system of the water body. Each of them is located in certain conditions of geography and climate, characteristic of the region under study, which in our research is the Steppe zone of Ukraine. This article reflects the studies of Lake Sukorivshchina, and also shows the role of the location of the studied water body, and reveals the patterns of the reaction of the aquatic ecosystem to human activity, which was carried out without scientific justification and proper recommendations for action.
{"title":"Analysis and research of the state of Lake Sukorivshchyna as a result of anthropogenic influence, as well as hydroecological and geomorphological conditions of species coexistence","authors":"J. Poleva, O. O. Varyshkina, V. Demyanov","doi":"10.15421/032307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032307","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the study of Lake Sukorivshchyna in the Pishchanska united rural community of Novomoskovsk district. When studying the characteristics of the lake, the landscape location, hydrochemical and hydrobiological characteristics, and the degree of their anthropogenic transformation were taken into account. In the conditions of the northern part of the steppe zone of Ukraine, lakes are located exclusively in valley-terrace landscapes, the constituent elements of which differ in the most significant biodiversity. Ecosystems of lakes, despite their considerable similarity, also have many differences: their size and shape, trophic level, and degree and nature of overgrowth with macrophytes. There are examples of typologies of continental bodies of water, including lakes, but for the steppe zone of Ukraine, where the lakes have an insignificant area, and number and ecological differences inherent in water bodies of the steppe zone, a separate typology for them has not been developed. The quality of water at all times has been and is one of the main indicators of the standard of living. Therefore, all developed societies make every effort to provide the population and economy with a sufficient amount of water of a quality that is adequate to the requirements of the consumer. Most of the water comes from natural sources – rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, the water quality of which must not only be assessed, but also predicted. Two main components are responsible for the quality of water in nature – the catchment basin and the ecological system of the water body. Each of them is located in certain conditions of geography and climate, characteristic of the region under study, which in our research is the Steppe zone of Ukraine. This article reflects the studies of Lake Sukorivshchina, and also shows the role of the location of the studied water body, and reveals the patterns of the reaction of the aquatic ecosystem to human activity, which was carried out without scientific justification and proper recommendations for action.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86704071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problems of disruption and transformation of natural ecosystems have reached a significant level and directly affect the state of human life: there is the existence of harmful insects, their resistance to chemical compounds, etc. Therefore, the functional significance of zoocenosis is manifested in various aspects: digging, excretory, trophic and other types of animal activity. The importance of the trophic activity of amphibians lies in their consumption of a significant number of harmful insect species. It is animals that act as consumers of various kinds in the conditions of natural ecosystems, take an active part in the movement of energy along trophic chains. The trophic activity of animals is also important in regulating the number of groups of invertebrates of different systematic groups, it is one of the factors that contributes to the maintenance of the system in a state of homeostasis and the speed of its recovery. Attention is also paid to regulating the number of invertebrates, as well as poisonous species among them, species that cause human diseases or are their carriers. Amphibians do not have a specific food specialization and are consumers of any available food. The food spectrum also expands as individuals grow and due to the consumption of larger prey. The main component of amphibian nutrition is insects, they make up about 75% of the diet. Phytophages on average make up 60–85% of the total weight of food in the food of amphibians. The coefficient of usefulness and the share of biomass of various pests in different types of amphibian floodplains range from 52 to 84. As a rule, the ratio of different food objects of amphibians corresponds to their ratio in individual parts of ecosystems. Thanks to the trophic activity of amphibians, the number of pests is regulated, which is important in floodplains of rivers, and the number of energy consumers of a higher level, such as birds and mammals, depends on the trophic activity of amphibians. This fact proves that amphibians are a necessary component of the food chains of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The trophic activity of amphibians affects the stability and plasticity of ecosystems, species diversity of both zoocenosis and phytocenosis in terrestrial and aquatic systems, as well as on the boundaries between them.
{"title":"Trophic activity of amphibians as a factor influencing the state of ecosystems of the Dnipro River valley","authors":"N. Hubanova","doi":"10.15421/032306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032306","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of disruption and transformation of natural ecosystems have reached a significant level and directly affect the state of human life: there is the existence of harmful insects, their resistance to chemical compounds, etc. Therefore, the functional significance of zoocenosis is manifested in various aspects: digging, excretory, trophic and other types of animal activity. The importance of the trophic activity of amphibians lies in their consumption of a significant number of harmful insect species. It is animals that act as consumers of various kinds in the conditions of natural ecosystems, take an active part in the movement of energy along trophic chains. The trophic activity of animals is also important in regulating the number of groups of invertebrates of different systematic groups, it is one of the factors that contributes to the maintenance of the system in a state of homeostasis and the speed of its recovery. Attention is also paid to regulating the number of invertebrates, as well as poisonous species among them, species that cause human diseases or are their carriers. Amphibians do not have a specific food specialization and are consumers of any available food. The food spectrum also expands as individuals grow and due to the consumption of larger prey. The main component of amphibian nutrition is insects, they make up about 75% of the diet. Phytophages on average make up 60–85% of the total weight of food in the food of amphibians. The coefficient of usefulness and the share of biomass of various pests in different types of amphibian floodplains range from 52 to 84. As a rule, the ratio of different food objects of amphibians corresponds to their ratio in individual parts of ecosystems. Thanks to the trophic activity of amphibians, the number of pests is regulated, which is important in floodplains of rivers, and the number of energy consumers of a higher level, such as birds and mammals, depends on the trophic activity of amphibians. This fact proves that amphibians are a necessary component of the food chains of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The trophic activity of amphibians affects the stability and plasticity of ecosystems, species diversity of both zoocenosis and phytocenosis in terrestrial and aquatic systems, as well as on the boundaries between them.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90552793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Marenkov, A. Alexeyeva, N. О. Khromykh, I. V. Holub, I. V. Drehval
Aquatic ecosystems are the final absorbers of various pollutants, so require complex monitoring to control their condition. Macrophytes and other aquatic plants serve as reliable indicators of the hydro ecosystems ecological state, as they provide an integral assessment of the aquatic environment in time and space. Changes in chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content and ratio in the rigid hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) leaves depending on the water hydro chemical parameters of Saksagan River in the zones of influence of "Ternivska" and "Oktyabrska" mines (Kryvyi Rih city) were studied. The purpose of the work was to find out the features of C. demersum photosynthetic apparatus reorganization as plants adaptive reaction to the technogenic transformation of river ecosystem. The water mineralization changes in the range of 1.2–2.9 g/L and fluctuations in the nitrates and nitrites content in the Saksagan River different sections were established. Both an increase and a decrease in the content of chlorophyll both forms in C. demersum leaves were detected, but more significant changes were related to chlorophyll b content. The photosynthetic pigments total content in plant leaves was the highest in the most mineralized areas (points of return water discharge and 500 m below of "Ternivska" mine), and it was the lowest due to sharp water mineralization increasing (500 m below the return water discharge of "Oktyabrska" mine). Significant variability in the photosynthetic pigments content and ratio indicates flexible regulation of their synthesis in C. demersum leaves to maintain the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus under conditions of water pollution. The revealed regularities indicate the active protection of the photosynthetic process in the C. demersum leaves, which is an important prerequisite for the plant’s survival in adverse conditions and the preservation of the structure and productivity of the water ecosystem of the Saksagan River.
{"title":"Photosynthetic apparatus variability of the rigid hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) from the Saksagan River influenced by the mine activity","authors":"O. Marenkov, A. Alexeyeva, N. О. Khromykh, I. V. Holub, I. V. Drehval","doi":"10.15421/032305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032305","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic ecosystems are the final absorbers of various pollutants, so require complex monitoring to control their condition. Macrophytes and other aquatic plants serve as reliable indicators of the hydro ecosystems ecological state, as they provide an integral assessment of the aquatic environment in time and space. Changes in chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content and ratio in the rigid hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) leaves depending on the water hydro chemical parameters of Saksagan River in the zones of influence of \"Ternivska\" and \"Oktyabrska\" mines (Kryvyi Rih city) were studied. The purpose of the work was to find out the features of C. demersum photosynthetic apparatus reorganization as plants adaptive reaction to the technogenic transformation of river ecosystem. The water mineralization changes in the range of 1.2–2.9 g/L and fluctuations in the nitrates and nitrites content in the Saksagan River different sections were established. Both an increase and a decrease in the content of chlorophyll both forms in C. demersum leaves were detected, but more significant changes were related to chlorophyll b content. The photosynthetic pigments total content in plant leaves was the highest in the most mineralized areas (points of return water discharge and 500 m below of \"Ternivska\" mine), and it was the lowest due to sharp water mineralization increasing (500 m below the return water discharge of \"Oktyabrska\" mine). Significant variability in the photosynthetic pigments content and ratio indicates flexible regulation of their synthesis in C. demersum leaves to maintain the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus under conditions of water pollution. The revealed regularities indicate the active protection of the photosynthetic process in the C. demersum leaves, which is an important prerequisite for the plant’s survival in adverse conditions and the preservation of the structure and productivity of the water ecosystem of the Saksagan River.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72808539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River under the influence of man-made factors in the Novomoskovsk district of the Dnipropetrovsk region is presented. The environmental problem of the Samara River in the Novomoskovsk district is characterized, and the man-made influence on the species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River is revealed. The species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River in the Novomoskovsk district was analyzed based on literature data, and field and ichthyological studies were also conducted to determine the species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River. The results of the influence of technogenic factors on the ichthyofauna of the Samara River in Novomoskovsk in modern realities have been revealed. The obtained results are summarized and analyzed in relation to technogenic influence on the species composition of ichthyofauna. In the studied area, it was found that there are the largest population of the following species: Neogobius fluviatilis Pallas, 1814; Alburnus alburnus Linnaeus, 1758; Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch, 1782; Scardinius erythrophthalmus Linnaeus, 1758; Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758; Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758; Lepomis gibbosus Linnaeus, 1758; Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758. The restoration of natural water bodies on the example of the study model of technogenic influence on the species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River, Novomoskovskiy district, Dnipropetrovsk region, is subject to study in the context of scientifically useful interest. Technogenic factors have a significant impact on the reservoir and the formation of species composition of ichthyofauna in it. Own research was conducted in the water area of the Samara River to study the species composition under the influence of man-made factors. A table of fish species living in the Samara River was compiled and their status and distribution were indicated. We compared and summarized the obtained data with research materials of previous years. To improve the species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River, mechanical and biological reclamation and stocking of the Samara River with white carp, crucian carp, and carp are proposed. Therefore, it was concluded that the processes of changing the ichthyocenosis under the influence of technogenic factors of pollution require the necessary optimizing interventions and require the attention of researchers and monitoring.
{"title":"Technological influence on the current state of the species composition of the ichthiofauna of the r. Samara in the Novomoskov District of the Dnipropetrovsk Region","authors":"A. A. Buleyko","doi":"10.15421/032308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032308","url":null,"abstract":"The species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River under the influence of man-made factors in the Novomoskovsk district of the Dnipropetrovsk region is presented. The environmental problem of the Samara River in the Novomoskovsk district is characterized, and the man-made influence on the species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River is revealed. The species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River in the Novomoskovsk district was analyzed based on literature data, and field and ichthyological studies were also conducted to determine the species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River. The results of the influence of technogenic factors on the ichthyofauna of the Samara River in Novomoskovsk in modern realities have been revealed. The obtained results are summarized and analyzed in relation to technogenic influence on the species composition of ichthyofauna. In the studied area, it was found that there are the largest population of the following species: Neogobius fluviatilis Pallas, 1814; Alburnus alburnus Linnaeus, 1758; Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch, 1782; Scardinius erythrophthalmus Linnaeus, 1758; Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758; Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758; Lepomis gibbosus Linnaeus, 1758; Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758. The restoration of natural water bodies on the example of the study model of technogenic influence on the species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River, Novomoskovskiy district, Dnipropetrovsk region, is subject to study in the context of scientifically useful interest. Technogenic factors have a significant impact on the reservoir and the formation of species composition of ichthyofauna in it. Own research was conducted in the water area of the Samara River to study the species composition under the influence of man-made factors. A table of fish species living in the Samara River was compiled and their status and distribution were indicated. We compared and summarized the obtained data with research materials of previous years. To improve the species composition of the ichthyofauna of the Samara River, mechanical and biological reclamation and stocking of the Samara River with white carp, crucian carp, and carp are proposed. Therefore, it was concluded that the processes of changing the ichthyocenosis under the influence of technogenic factors of pollution require the necessary optimizing interventions and require the attention of researchers and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87963560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Recio, F. Díaz-delOlmo, C. Borja, R. Câmara, F. Borja
The wetlands on the quartz sands aeolian sheet make up one of the ecosystems most recognized and important of the Doñana National Park and Doñana Biological Reserve (South Spain). More than 650 temporal small-lakes have been surveyed in the abundant sand depressions of the aeolian sheet, the most are a hydro-geomorphological dune-small-lake system. This paper studies the pedological diversity around Navazo del Toro (NVT) wetland, one of the biggest temporal small-lakes, through a geopedological catena along 230 m with five soil profiles (NVT-1 to NVT-5). In this context a major focus is displayed on pedological processes and the current hydrological situation of the depression in the Middle-Upper Holocene. The main processes are: translocation of materials (silt and clay) from the Arenosols developed in the slope dune (sand washing processes), sediment accumulation on the dune depression (current wetland bottom), and the development of tirsificated and vertic Luvisols with a chronology of more than 4.255 BP (OSL dating). The water body of the geoecosystem has modified the horizons morphology, creating new hydromorphic (gleyic and stagnic) conditions that have incorporated abundant organic material (sediment of diatoms and sponge spicules) in the higher profile layer and generated an incipient podzolization processes.
石英砂风沙片上的湿地构成了Doñana国家公园和Doñana生物保护区(西班牙南部)最知名和最重要的生态系统之一。在风沙片丰富的沙洼地中已发现了650多个时相小湖泊，其中大部分为水文地貌沙丘-小湖泊系统。本文通过对Navazo del Toro湿地(NVT-1 ~ NVT-5) 5个土壤剖面230 m的地质链，研究了该国最大的时间小湖泊之一的Navazo del Toro湿地的土壤多样性。在此背景下，主要关注的是全新世中上段凹陷的土壤学过程和水文现状。其主要过程为:坡状沙丘发育的沙土物质(粉砂和粘土)的迁移(洗沙过程)、沙丘洼地(现湿地底部)的沉积积累以及泥化和垂直泥沼的发育(时间超过4.255 BP)。地球生态系统水体改变了层位形态，创造了新的水形态(浮滩和静止)条件，在较高剖面层中加入了丰富的有机物(硅藻和海绵针状体沉积物)，并产生了早期的灰化化过程。
{"title":"Soil formation and hydrological evolution of Navazo del Toro small-lake ecosystem, Doñana National Park, Andalusia, Spain","authors":"J. Recio, F. Díaz-delOlmo, C. Borja, R. Câmara, F. Borja","doi":"10.15421/032301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032301","url":null,"abstract":"The wetlands on the quartz sands aeolian sheet make up one of the ecosystems most recognized and important of the Doñana National Park and Doñana Biological Reserve (South Spain). More than 650 temporal small-lakes have been surveyed in the abundant sand depressions of the aeolian sheet, the most are a hydro-geomorphological dune-small-lake system. This paper studies the pedological diversity around Navazo del Toro (NVT) wetland, one of the biggest temporal small-lakes, through a geopedological catena along 230 m with five soil profiles (NVT-1 to NVT-5). In this context a major focus is displayed on pedological processes and the current hydrological situation of the depression in the Middle-Upper Holocene. The main processes are: translocation of materials (silt and clay) from the Arenosols developed in the slope dune (sand washing processes), sediment accumulation on the dune depression (current wetland bottom), and the development of tirsificated and vertic Luvisols with a chronology of more than 4.255 BP (OSL dating). The water body of the geoecosystem has modified the horizons morphology, creating new hydromorphic (gleyic and stagnic) conditions that have incorporated abundant organic material (sediment of diatoms and sponge spicules) in the higher profile layer and generated an incipient podzolization processes.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76442402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rowan species (genus Sorbus L., Rosaceae Juss.) are widespread in the Northern Hemisphere under different climatic and ecological conditions. Recent molecular-phylogenetic studies confirmed that genus Sorbus L. is polyphyletic and must be divided into the segregate genera. Accordingly, the native for the Ukrainian flora species Sorbus domestica L. and Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz., having very distant morphological features of vegetative and generative organs, must belong to different genera. In this regard we assumed the chemotaxonomic importance of the specificity in the phenolic content and composition of two indicated rowan species. Young leaves and inflorescences of S. domestica and S. torminalis were collected in Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar DNU in May 2023. Analyses of isopropanol plant extracts revealed the higher levels of total phenolic content (2.5 times), flavonoids (1.5 times) and phenolic acids content (3.2 times), as well as ferric-reducing power (1.2 times), and total antioxidant capacity (1.7 times) in leaves of S. domestica, as compared to S. torminalis leaves. In general, S. domestica leaves accumulated higher total phenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids content than the inflorescences, while the opposite ratio was found for S. torminalis. Study results confirmed the chemotaxonomic importance of polyphenols content and composition of two rowan species. However, more detailed investigations are necessary to establish the correlation between the individual phenolic compounds and the rowan species features.
{"title":"Phytochemical study of leaves and inflorescences of two genus Sorbus L. species native for the Ukrainian flora","authors":"Y. Lykholat, O. V. Liashenko, N. О. Khromykh","doi":"10.15421/032303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032303","url":null,"abstract":"Rowan species (genus Sorbus L., Rosaceae Juss.) are widespread in the Northern Hemisphere under different climatic and ecological conditions. Recent molecular-phylogenetic studies confirmed that genus Sorbus L. is polyphyletic and must be divided into the segregate genera. Accordingly, the native for the Ukrainian flora species Sorbus domestica L. and Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz., having very distant morphological features of vegetative and generative organs, must belong to different genera. In this regard we assumed the chemotaxonomic importance of the specificity in the phenolic content and composition of two indicated rowan species. Young leaves and inflorescences of S. domestica and S. torminalis were collected in Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar DNU in May 2023. Analyses of isopropanol plant extracts revealed the higher levels of total phenolic content (2.5 times), flavonoids (1.5 times) and phenolic acids content (3.2 times), as well as ferric-reducing power (1.2 times), and total antioxidant capacity (1.7 times) in leaves of S. domestica, as compared to S. torminalis leaves. In general, S. domestica leaves accumulated higher total phenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids content than the inflorescences, while the opposite ratio was found for S. torminalis. Study results confirmed the chemotaxonomic importance of polyphenols content and composition of two rowan species. However, more detailed investigations are necessary to establish the correlation between the individual phenolic compounds and the rowan species features.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75245765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. V. Dubуna, P. Ustymenko, L. Vakarenko, B. Baranovski, L. О. Karmyzova, I. Ivanko
The results of field and camera studies on the collection and compilation of information on the presence of rare, endangered, and typical natural plant groups that are subject to protection in the territories of nature reserves in the war zone and occupied territories are presented. It was established that two biosphere reserves (BZ) (40% of the total number), 9 nature reserves (PZ) (45%) 10 national natural parks (NPP) (17%) and 23 regional landscape parks (RLP) (30%), 48 protected tracts (6%), 48 reserves of national importance (15%). In addition, a number of protected areas were in the war zone and have now been liberated from occupation, namely one radiation-ecological biosphere reserve, one nature reserve, 8 national natural parks, 8 regional landscape parks, 65 protected tracts, 20 nature reserves of national importance. The conducted analysis of the rare phytocenofund of Ukraine showed that in the pre-war period in the current zone of military operations and in the occupied territories there were plant groups of 58 formations and 513 associations of almost all the main types of vegetation of Ukraine (except meadow), which is 36% of formations and 52% of rare associations from of the entire rare phytocenofund of Ukraine. According to their sociological status, they are divided into 149 associations of 25 formations of rare natural plant communities that are subject to protection; 248 associations of 23 formations of natural plant groups that are under threat of extinction and subject to protection; 116 associations of 10 formations of typical natural plant communities that are subject to protection. Negative impact on natural ecosystems in the territories of the PZF. The work also provides an assessment of the negative impact on rare groups in the territories of the PZF, located in the combat zone and occupied territories.
{"title":"Rare plant gene pool of the Steppe of Ukraine in the war zone","authors":"D. V. Dubуna, P. Ustymenko, L. Vakarenko, B. Baranovski, L. О. Karmyzova, I. Ivanko","doi":"10.15421/032302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032302","url":null,"abstract":"The results of field and camera studies on the collection and compilation of information on the presence of rare, endangered, and typical natural plant groups that are subject to protection in the territories of nature reserves in the war zone and occupied territories are presented. It was established that two biosphere reserves (BZ) (40% of the total number), 9 nature reserves (PZ) (45%) 10 national natural parks (NPP) (17%) and 23 regional landscape parks (RLP) (30%), 48 protected tracts (6%), 48 reserves of national importance (15%). In addition, a number of protected areas were in the war zone and have now been liberated from occupation, namely one radiation-ecological biosphere reserve, one nature reserve, 8 national natural parks, 8 regional landscape parks, 65 protected tracts, 20 nature reserves of national importance. The conducted analysis of the rare phytocenofund of Ukraine showed that in the pre-war period in the current zone of military operations and in the occupied territories there were plant groups of 58 formations and 513 associations of almost all the main types of vegetation of Ukraine (except meadow), which is 36% of formations and 52% of rare associations from of the entire rare phytocenofund of Ukraine. According to their sociological status, they are divided into 149 associations of 25 formations of rare natural plant communities that are subject to protection; 248 associations of 23 formations of natural plant groups that are under threat of extinction and subject to protection; 116 associations of 10 formations of typical natural plant communities that are subject to protection. Negative impact on natural ecosystems in the territories of the PZF. The work also provides an assessment of the negative impact on rare groups in the territories of the PZF, located in the combat zone and occupied territories.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81943226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthropogenically altered media are characterized by complex pollution, which contains a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants, including halogen compounds. The influence of halides on transformed ecosystems, in particular, on their sulfidogenic and photosynthetic microbiota and its properties, remains insufficiently studied. The influence of sodium fluoride and potassium bromide at concentrations that are equal and 0.5–4.0 times differed from the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) (MPC of fluorides and bromides are 0.0789 and 0.0025 mM, respectively) on the reduction of sulfate ions or sulfur (3.47 mM) by sulfidogenic bacteria of Desulfovibrio and Desulfuromonas genera, as well as on the use of thiosulfate or nitrite ions (4.167 mM) as electron donors of anoxygenic photosynthesis by phototrophic purple and green sulfur bacteria of Thiocapsa, Lamprocystis and Chlorobium genera, isolated from the Yavorivske Lake, was investigated. The biomass of bacteria was determined by the turbidimetric method, the content of H2S, SO42-, NО2ˉ and NО3ˉ in the cultural liquid – by the spectrophotometric method, the concentration of S2O32- – by the titrometric method. The intracellular glucose and glycogen content was determined enzymatically in cell-free extracts, using the analytical kit “Diagluc-2”. It was found that sodium fluoride and potassium bromide at concentrations 3.0–4.0 times higher than the MPC repress the biomass accumulation by bacteria Desulfovibrio sp. in the medium with sulfates 2.7−5.8 and 2.1−4.2 times, respectively, and inhibit the hydrogen sulfide production by them 1.8−3.4 and 2.0−3.2 times, respectively. NaF and KBr at concentrations that are equal and 2.0–4.0 times higher than the MPC repress the biomass accumulation by bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. in the medium with sulfur 2.2–6.9 and 2.1–5.6 times, respectively, and at concentrations 3.0–4.0 times higher than the MPC inhibit the hydrogen sulfide production by bacteria 1.9−3.7 and 2.0−2.7 times, respectively. Sodium fluoride and potassium bromide at concentration that 4.0 times exceeded the MPC inhibit the biomass accumulation by bacteria of Thiocapsa, Lamprocystis and Chlorobium genera in the medium with thiosulfates 2.0–2.3 and 1.7–2.0 times, respectively, reduce thiosulfate ions oxidation by them by 31.9–38.5 and 27.1–33.7%, respectively, compared to the control, but stimulate glycogen synthesis by cells of green sulfur bacteria by 106.7 and 64.0%, respectively. NaF and KBr at concentration 4.0 times higher than the MPC inhibit the biomass accumulation by phototrophic bacteria in the medium with nitrites 2.1−2.4 and 1.8−1.9 times, respectively, slow down nitrite ions oxidation by bacteria by 23.5–26.1 and 17.1–20.1%, respectively, compared to the control, but stimulate glycogen synthesis by cells of green sulfur bacteria by 134.7 and 115.0%, respectively. Glycogen content in Chlorobium limicola IMV K-8 cells grown in the media with Na2S2O3 or NaNO2 and NaF at concentrati
{"title":"Transformation of sulfur and nitrogen compounds by sulfidogenic and phototrophic bacteria under the influence of sodium fluoride and potassium bromide","authors":"O. Moroz, H. Yavorska, S. Hnatush","doi":"10.15421/032304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032304","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenically altered media are characterized by complex pollution, which contains a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants, including halogen compounds. The influence of halides on transformed ecosystems, in particular, on their sulfidogenic and photosynthetic microbiota and its properties, remains insufficiently studied. The influence of sodium fluoride and potassium bromide at concentrations that are equal and 0.5–4.0 times differed from the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) (MPC of fluorides and bromides are 0.0789 and 0.0025 mM, respectively) on the reduction of sulfate ions or sulfur (3.47 mM) by sulfidogenic bacteria of Desulfovibrio and Desulfuromonas genera, as well as on the use of thiosulfate or nitrite ions (4.167 mM) as electron donors of anoxygenic photosynthesis by phototrophic purple and green sulfur bacteria of Thiocapsa, Lamprocystis and Chlorobium genera, isolated from the Yavorivske Lake, was investigated. The biomass of bacteria was determined by the turbidimetric method, the content of H2S, SO42-, NО2ˉ and NО3ˉ in the cultural liquid – by the spectrophotometric method, the concentration of S2O32- – by the titrometric method. The intracellular glucose and glycogen content was determined enzymatically in cell-free extracts, using the analytical kit “Diagluc-2”. It was found that sodium fluoride and potassium bromide at concentrations 3.0–4.0 times higher than the MPC repress the biomass accumulation by bacteria Desulfovibrio sp. in the medium with sulfates 2.7−5.8 and 2.1−4.2 times, respectively, and inhibit the hydrogen sulfide production by them 1.8−3.4 and 2.0−3.2 times, respectively. NaF and KBr at concentrations that are equal and 2.0–4.0 times higher than the MPC repress the biomass accumulation by bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. in the medium with sulfur 2.2–6.9 and 2.1–5.6 times, respectively, and at concentrations 3.0–4.0 times higher than the MPC inhibit the hydrogen sulfide production by bacteria 1.9−3.7 and 2.0−2.7 times, respectively. Sodium fluoride and potassium bromide at concentration that 4.0 times exceeded the MPC inhibit the biomass accumulation by bacteria of Thiocapsa, Lamprocystis and Chlorobium genera in the medium with thiosulfates 2.0–2.3 and 1.7–2.0 times, respectively, reduce thiosulfate ions oxidation by them by 31.9–38.5 and 27.1–33.7%, respectively, compared to the control, but stimulate glycogen synthesis by cells of green sulfur bacteria by 106.7 and 64.0%, respectively. NaF and KBr at concentration 4.0 times higher than the MPC inhibit the biomass accumulation by phototrophic bacteria in the medium with nitrites 2.1−2.4 and 1.8−1.9 times, respectively, slow down nitrite ions oxidation by bacteria by 23.5–26.1 and 17.1–20.1%, respectively, compared to the control, but stimulate glycogen synthesis by cells of green sulfur bacteria by 134.7 and 115.0%, respectively. Glycogen content in Chlorobium limicola IMV K-8 cells grown in the media with Na2S2O3 or NaNO2 and NaF at concentrati","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76003883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systematic observations of the avifauna of the Pine park in in the city Lohvytsia, the outskirts of the village Potoky and in the «Vakalivshchyna» tract allow to conclude that song thrushes and blackbirds are quite numerous birds, due to the large number of biotopes suitable for their nesting. 37 cases of nesting of Turdus merula and 30 cases of Turdus philomelos were noted. The nesting density of the song thrush in the Pine park of Lokhvytsia is set at 0,36 pairs/km2. In the vicinity of the village The flow rate was 0,96 pairs/km2, in the Vakalivshchyna tract it was 2,5 pairs/km2. For the blackbird, the nesting density in Pine park was 0,36 pairs/km2, the vicinity of the village Potoky – 0,46 pairs/km2 and in oak tracts – 1,5 pairs/km2. In various landscapes of northeastern Ukraine, the nesting period of songbirds and blackbirds extends from April to June. In the Poltava region, the singing thrush arrives days earlier than in the Sumy region. We tend to believe that this is related to the adaptation of the species to the environment in the conditions of urban tree plantations. In different landscapes of the north-east of Ukraine, the construction of nests by Turdus philomelos begins in the first ten days of April (04.01−10.04) at the daytime temperature of +8.5±1.5 °C. Turdus merula builds nests in the first ten days of April (01.04−10.04) in various landscapes of the north-east of Ukraine at an average daily temperature of +5.0±1.0 °С. When different species of blackbirds live together (in the same conditions), species-specific features are most clearly manifested in the distribution of nests by species of trees and bushes, the nature of the location of nests and the height of their placement. The list of species of trees and bushes on which nests of Turdus philomelos and Turdus merula are placed includes 8 plant species. Turdus philomelos prefers nesting sites for Acer negundo (66.6%) in the vicinity of the village Potoky, Ulmus minor (55.5%) and Acer negundo (44.5%) in the Pine Park, Quercus robur (50%) and Ulmus minor (50%) in the Vakalivshchyna tract. Both types of blackbirds are characterized by individual variability in the choice of nest locations. This is most clearly manifested in the atypical location of the nests in the artificial nests (without the top cover and front wall).
{"title":"To the ecology and biology of closely related species of thrushes of the genus Turdus in different landscapes of northeastern Ukraine","authors":"R. O. Melnikov, O. O. Yarуs","doi":"10.15421/032214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032214","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic observations of the avifauna of the Pine park in in the city Lohvytsia, the outskirts of the village Potoky and in the «Vakalivshchyna» tract allow to conclude that song thrushes and blackbirds are quite numerous birds, due to the large number of biotopes suitable for their nesting. 37 cases of nesting of Turdus merula and 30 cases of Turdus philomelos were noted. The nesting density of the song thrush in the Pine park of Lokhvytsia is set at 0,36 pairs/km2. In the vicinity of the village The flow rate was 0,96 pairs/km2, in the Vakalivshchyna tract it was 2,5 pairs/km2. For the blackbird, the nesting density in Pine park was 0,36 pairs/km2, the vicinity of the village Potoky – 0,46 pairs/km2 and in oak tracts – 1,5 pairs/km2. In various landscapes of northeastern Ukraine, the nesting period of songbirds and blackbirds extends from April to June. In the Poltava region, the singing thrush arrives days earlier than in the Sumy region. We tend to believe that this is related to the adaptation of the species to the environment in the conditions of urban tree plantations. In different landscapes of the north-east of Ukraine, the construction of nests by Turdus philomelos begins in the first ten days of April (04.01−10.04) at the daytime temperature of +8.5±1.5 °C. Turdus merula builds nests in the first ten days of April (01.04−10.04) in various landscapes of the north-east of Ukraine at an average daily temperature of +5.0±1.0 °С. When different species of blackbirds live together (in the same conditions), species-specific features are most clearly manifested in the distribution of nests by species of trees and bushes, the nature of the location of nests and the height of their placement. The list of species of trees and bushes on which nests of Turdus philomelos and Turdus merula are placed includes 8 plant species. Turdus philomelos prefers nesting sites for Acer negundo (66.6%) in the vicinity of the village Potoky, Ulmus minor (55.5%) and Acer negundo (44.5%) in the Pine Park, Quercus robur (50%) and Ulmus minor (50%) in the Vakalivshchyna tract. Both types of blackbirds are characterized by individual variability in the choice of nest locations. This is most clearly manifested in the atypical location of the nests in the artificial nests (without the top cover and front wall).","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86072980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Gasso, S. Yermolenko, V. Petrushevskyi, A. O. Valeskaln, I. Petrov
Agricultural activity in the global world is accompanied by the use of a significant number of synthetic insecticides for the control of insect pests. Pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides are among the widely used insecticides in many countries for the control of crop pests. They are a generation of synthetic insecticides that have replaced the more environmentally stable organophosphorus and organochlorine compounds. Pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides were thought to have low toxicity to vertebrates, leading to their widespread use and increased production. However, many studies have emerged in recent decades that have shown that, under certain conditions, these substances can cause significant damage to the internal systems of amphibians. Recently, special studies have also revealed the toxic effects of pyrethroids and neonicotinoids on the post-metamorphic stages of amphibians, which had previously been ignored. It has also been noted that abnormalities in gastrointestinal tract functions occur, leading to abnormalities in the digestive system. Pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides have been shown to affect the biochemical and histological parameters of amphibians. The possible genotoxicity of these insecticides resulted in producing erythrocytes with abnormal nuclei and an increased number of micronuclei in amphibian cells. Meanwhile, changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increases in lipid peroxidation products could be used as biomarkers of oxidative stress in amphibians under the influence of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides. The available literature also indicates that these insecticides appear to affect the nervous system of amphibians and induce changes in their behaviour. At the same time, our data suggest that it is neuromolecular biomarkers that can be practised to determine the toxic effects of insecticides on non-target species. Such biomarkers can be used in the context of the low-dose influence of insecticides, which however requires additional research on amphibians.
{"title":"Influence of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides on post-metamorphic amphibians (literature review)","authors":"V. Gasso, S. Yermolenko, V. Petrushevskyi, A. O. Valeskaln, I. Petrov","doi":"10.15421/032213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032213","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural activity in the global world is accompanied by the use of a significant number of synthetic insecticides for the control of insect pests. Pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides are among the widely used insecticides in many countries for the control of crop pests. They are a generation of synthetic insecticides that have replaced the more environmentally stable organophosphorus and organochlorine compounds. Pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides were thought to have low toxicity to vertebrates, leading to their widespread use and increased production. However, many studies have emerged in recent decades that have shown that, under certain conditions, these substances can cause significant damage to the internal systems of amphibians. Recently, special studies have also revealed the toxic effects of pyrethroids and neonicotinoids on the post-metamorphic stages of amphibians, which had previously been ignored. It has also been noted that abnormalities in gastrointestinal tract functions occur, leading to abnormalities in the digestive system. Pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides have been shown to affect the biochemical and histological parameters of amphibians. The possible genotoxicity of these insecticides resulted in producing erythrocytes with abnormal nuclei and an increased number of micronuclei in amphibian cells. Meanwhile, changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increases in lipid peroxidation products could be used as biomarkers of oxidative stress in amphibians under the influence of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides. The available literature also indicates that these insecticides appear to affect the nervous system of amphibians and induce changes in their behaviour. At the same time, our data suggest that it is neuromolecular biomarkers that can be practised to determine the toxic effects of insecticides on non-target species. Such biomarkers can be used in the context of the low-dose influence of insecticides, which however requires additional research on amphibians.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74703361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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